programming for the web Flashcards

Question

how does big data affect web architecture

Answer 1

- data mining (analysing large datasets to find patterns, helps businesses make decisions) - metadata (provides context, meaning, structure, makes easier to store/retrieve information) - streaming service management (deliver large amounts of continuous data in real time, uses CDN, relies on caching, buffering)

Answer 2

world wide web consortium - develops and maintains the W3C standards to ensure web remains open, accessible and interoperable across devices and platforms - web accessibility initiative WAI (ensures people with disabilities can access, navigate, interact with web applications) - internationalisation i18n (designing to support multiple languages, cultural norms) - web security (defines standards for secure web communication and authentication) - privacy (how personal data is collected, used, stored, shared) - machine-readable data (structured for computers to process eg JSON, XML)

Answer 3

- client side (handles user interaction) - server side (processes requests, applies logic, interacts with database) - database (Stores and retrieves data efficiently)

Answer 4

- code that runs in browser - doesn't need constant communication with server - can store temporary data (cookies, local storage, session storage)

Answer 5

- code runs on server - responds to requests from client side, and generate dynamic content - handles business logic, database interactions, processing user requests

Answer 6

databases store and manage data, content and application settings relational databases (SQL) - organise data into structured tables and establish relationships based on keys - when relationships are complex (strict schemas) noSQL databases - store and retrieve data in flexible formats (key-value pairs or documents) - horizontally scalable - large volume of unstructured data

Answer 7

- browsers have their own rendering and JS engine (differences) - devtools help debug, analyse and optimise web applications: elements (html/css in real time), console (debug js, test scripts), network (analyse requests), performance (measure rendering speed), application (local storage), security (SSL certificate)

Answer 8

- online tools built for testing compatibility - manual testing on different devices - dev tools - w3c markup validation service (web standards)

Answer 9

- consistency of appearance (global/external stylesheet, frameworks) - flexibility with browsers or display devices (responsiveness, flexible units) - css maintenance tools (css pre-processors allow for variables, nesting and mix-ins to simplify)

Answer 10

version control is a system that records changes to a file/set over time, so that specific versions can be recalled later - collaboration - audit trail of changes (accountability) - backups - CI/CD pipelines automating testing and deployment

Answer 11

- frameworks that control complex web applications (prestructured library of reusable components to speed up development) - template engines (system that dynamically generates HTML based on data - uses template syntax) - predesigned CSS classes (ready-to-use styles provided by frameworks that add to HTML elements)

Answer 12

OSS is licensed in a way that allows developers to freely inspect, use, modify and distribute it - transparency, collaboration, cost efficient, customisability, security, community support - developers fork the project and submit pull requests with improvements (detailed documentation)

Answer 13

- optimising front end (asynchronous loading, CDNs, browser and client side caching, lazy loading) - optimising back end (efficient database queries, load balancing by distributing network traffic, server side caching, asynchronous processing) - reducing payload size (compress image/video files, efficient API responses)

Answer 14

content delivery network - a network of servers strategically placed around the world that caches static files - users receive content from the closest server

Answer 15

a CMS is a software platform that allows users to create, manage and modify digital content without needing specialised technical skills - user friendly interface, template based design, plugins/extensions, structured content storage/retrieval - over 70% of websites use CMS for content management - easy to use, cost effective (ideal for non technical users)

Answer 16

- database management - processes business logic - async performance optimisation - scalability - provides APIs for front end communication

Answer 17

- role of webserver software (manages incoming requests, serves static files and routes dynamic requests to back end logic) - web framework (collection of tools/libraries to simplify by providing prebuilt modules for common tasks - routing, templating, middleware) - objects (represent real world entities, stores data and defines behaviour) - libraries (prewritten code packages that simplify complex tasks) - databases (store and manages data, allowing backend systems to retrieve, update and delete data as needed)

Answer 18

1. browser sends HTTP/S request to server 2. web server determines how to handle it (forwards to relevant endpoint) 3. if using framework, the request is directed to correct function 4. backend retrieves or updates information in database 5. compiles necessary data and prepares response 6. response is sent back to browser for rendering

Answer 19

SELECT username, email FROM users;

Answer 20

SELECT role, COUNT(*) FROM users GROUP BY role;

Answer 21

INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('Alice', 'alice@example.com'); UPDATE users SET email='new@example.com' WHERE name='Alice'; DELETE FROM users WHERE name='Alice';

Answer 22

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > 18;

Answer 23

SELECT users.name, orders.product FROM users JOIN orders ON users.id = orders.user_id;

Answer 24

ORM allows developers to interact with a database using objects, instead of raw SQL queries - abstracts database operations - SQL requires more detailed queries

Answer 25

- shared understanding, cross training, front/backend, troubleshooting, continuous communication, consistency, iterative development, quality assurance - API documentation defines how front communicates with back - version control tracks changes across multiple teams

Answer 26

- the application of design, UI, and UX - principles of font, colour, audio, video and navigation - a UI that considers accessibility and inclusivity

Answer 27

- precaching important resources allows files like image-gallery.js and video-gallery.js to be loaded into memory or cache while the rest of the page loads - service workers cache resources for faster loading times on repeat visits and offline functionality - background synchronisation and fetching updates content in the background (users see latest information without slowing down initial load)

Answer 28

a pre-built collection of tools, libraries, components and design patterns that help developers build UI more efficiently - eg React, Vue.js, Angular - benefits: code reusability, consistency, rapid development, maintenance and scalability, and integration with backend

programming for the web Flashcards

(52 cards)