Big Stick Diplomacy
Theodore Roosevelt’s policy
Aggressive foreign policy backed by a constant threat of force.
- US Navy and battleships were the “big stick”
Panama Canal
US negotiated with Colombia and helped Panama break away
- Hay Pauncefote Treaty & Hay Bauna Varilla Treaty
- Enabled US to become a “two ocean world power”
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
- US will help if any foreign country has an issue with a nation in North or South America
- Neighboring nations did NOT like it
Moroccan Crisis
- Pedicaras affair
- Example of not bluffing
- US threatened all to get one man back, who then went back to Greece
Algeciras Conference of 1905
Pushed WWI back a few years
Yellow Peril
Japanese school boy crisis in San Fran, solved by Gentleman’s Agreement
The Great White Fleet
- US battleships were painted white & taken on a “goodwill/peace tour” around the world
- Roosevelt was showing off his new navy
Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy
- Every US ambassador is a salesman of US business
- The more the US in integrated into other nations, the better it is for both
Why did Roosevelt not like Taft?
Was not like him with foreign policy, environment, business, etc.
Goals for Progressives (3)
- Make political life more democratic
- Make economic life fairer & competitive
- Make social life moral & just
Biggest threats to Progressivism (3)
- Corrupt political machines
- Big business
- Inequity in the distribution of wealth
Progressive reforms
- Child labor laws
- women labor laws (60 hr limit in 1903)
- Industrial insurance (workmen’s comp)
Progressive Constitutional amendments
16th - income tax
17th - Direct election of Senators
18th - Prohibition
19th - Women’s suffrage
Famous Progressives (5)
- Theodore Roosevelt
- William Howard Taft
- Woodrow Wilson
- Hiram Johnson
- Robert Lafollete
The Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt’s plan to provide economic & political stability
- Coal Strike of 1902
- Conservation Program
- Northern Securities Case
- Meat Inspection Act
Conservation Program
From Theodore Roosevelt
- National Parks, monuments, forests, etc.
Muckrakers
Investigate journalists who helped build support for progressive causes
- Exposed corruption and scandal
- Theodore Roosevelt hated them bc they were always focused on the negative
- Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”
Jane Addams’ Hull House
Settlement house that also served as a center for social reform
- provided educational & social opportunities for working-class, poor, and immigrant women and their children
National Association of Colored Women (NACW)
Organization of Black local women’s clubs
- Designed to help relieve suffering among poor Black people, defend Black women, etc.
Muller v. Oregon
Upheld Oregon law establishing a 10-hour workday for women
National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Contributed to the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment
National Woman’s Party (NWP)
Led by Alice Paul
- More aggressive tactics than NAWSA
- Picketed the White House
- Promoted hunger strikes
- Engaged in mass protests
- Unsuccessfully pushed for the Equal Rights Amendment
Nineteenth Amendment
Gave women the right to vote
- Passed in 1919, ratified in 1920
Booker T. Washington
Urged Black people to remain in the South, accept racial segregation, concentrate on moral & ethical development, and stay out of politics.
