Prophylaxis, immunization, immunization calendar

Question 1

List of Types of immunizations

Answer 1

• Active immunization
• Passive immunization

Question 2

Active immunization def:

Answer 2

Administration of antigens of certain pathogens to stimulate AB production against those pathogens

Question 3

Active immunization: types and examples

Answer 3

1) Live attenuated:

• MMR
• Polio
• Influenza

2) Dead virus:

• Hep A
• HPV
• Rabies

3) Inactivated antigen of pathogen

• Meningococci
• Pneumococci
• Herpes zoster

Question 4

Passive immunization: definition + examples

Answer 4

Administration of AB from human / animal donor:

• transplacental transfer
• Preformed AB

Question 5

Calendar ( US 2017 SCHEDULE )

Answer 5

BIRTH:

• Hep B

1-2 MONTHS:

• Hep B booster

2 MONTHS:

• DtAP
• Hemophilus influenza B
• Rotavirus
• Pneumococci
• Inactive Polio

4 MONTHS:

• Booster

6 months:

• Booster

12 MONTHS:

• MMR
• Varicella Zoster
• Hemophilus influenza B booster
• Pneumococci booster
• Hep A ( 2 dose across 12-14 mths)

15 MONTHS:

• DtaP booster

4-6 YRS:

• DtAP booster
• Inactive Polio booster
• MMR booster
• Varicella booster

11-12 YRS:

• Meningococcal
• HPV

Question 6

Methods of injection

Answer 6

Intramuscular / subcutaneous

• Infant = anterolateral part of thig
• Older children = Deltoid

Question 7

Contraindications of Vaccinations

Answer 7

SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION ( anaphylaxis to eggs = no influenza vaccine pls )

Severe immunosuppression:

• HIV
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma
• Immunosuppressing drugs

Question 8

ADR of vaccinations

Answer 8

• Local reddening / swelling / pain of injection site
• Fever, malaise
• Symptoms secondary to weakened form of disease
• Complication = allergic reaction

Question 9

Prophylaxis: definition + reason

Answer 9

Prevention of possible infection with Antibiotics, Ig / monoclonal AB, vaccine

For pre-exposure or post-exposure

Question 10

prophylaxis for which diseases

Answer 10

• Meningococcus
• Tetanus
• Rabies

Question 11

Meningococcus Prophylaxis

Answer 11

AB PROPHYLAXIS

• Rifampicin 2x / day
• Ceftriaxone 1x / day
• Ciprofloxacin 1x / day

Question 12

Tetanus Prophylaxis

Answer 12

VACCINE PROPHYLAXIS

1) Clean wound with soap + water
2) Remove foreign body / debris
3) Vaccine with tetanus Ig

Question 13

Rabies Prophylaxis

Answer 13

VACCINE PROPHYLAXIS

• useful if exposure to rabid animal
• useless if symptoms have already appeared