What is Logic?
Logic is the science of correct reasoning
What are the operations of the human mind
- Simple apprehension
- Judgement
- Inference/Reasoning
What are the first principles
- Principle of Identity
- Principle of Excluded Middle
- Principle of sufficient reason
- Principle of contradiction
What is principle of identity
This states that a thing is what it is and not another thing
What is principle of excluded middle
This states that there is no middle state between being and non-being
What is principle of sufficient reason?
This states that there is sufficient reason for everything that exists
What is principle of contradiction
It is impossible for something to bith be and not be at the same time and in the same manner
What are the four causes according to Aristotle
- Material Cause
- Formal Cause
- Efficient Cause
- Final Cause
What are the parts of a logical structure
- Terms
- Propositions
- Syllogism
What are terms
Terms are conventional words that refer to mind to somethings
What is a proposition
A proposition is a combination of terms expressing judgement. It is placing before a person the result of an act of judgement
What are the 3 parts of a proposition
- Subject
- Predicate
- Verb
What are the 2 forms of proposition
- Conditional propositions
- Unconditional/Categorical propositions
What are categorical propositions
This is a kind of proposition that affirms or denies something without conditions
What are the forms of categorical propositions
- Particular Affirmative
- Universal Negative
- Particular Negative
- Universal Affirmative
What is universal Affirmative proposition
Every member of the first class is also a member of the second class
What is particular affirmative proposition
At least one member of the class designated by the subject term is also a member of the class designated by the predicate term
What is universal negative proposition
The first class is wholly excluded from the second class
What is particular negative proposition
At least one member of the class designated by the subject is excludes from the whole of the class designated by the predicate term
