what domain are protists under?
eurkayotic cell which makes up of organelles, plasma membrane, cellular division (mitosis, meiosis)
what are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?
animalia, plant, fungi and protista
protozoa:
-diverse group defined by three characteristics?
-require what kind of environments?
-few?
-morphology?
-Eukaryotic, Unicellular, Lack a cell wall
-Require moist environments: Fluids (Ponds, lakes) or Soils (Mud, sand, Detritus)
-few are pathogenic
-Basic EUK cell, Mitochondrial variation, Vacuole presence, Motile by means of cilia, flagella, and/or pseudopodia
protozoa:
-all have?
-some have?
-most are?
-few?
-reproduction?
-All have a motile feeding stage: Trophozoite
-Some have a resting stage: Cyst
-Most are Chemoheterotrophic: Saprophytic
-Few Photoautotrophic: algal plants
-Reproduction: Asexual (Binary Fission, Schizogony) and Sexual (Auto-gametocytes→ Zygotes)
protozoa Taxa
PA RACED
-Parabasala
-Alveolates: C. Ciliates, C. Apicomplexans, C. Dinoflagellates
–Radiolaria
–Amoebozoa: C. Plasmodial, C. Cellular
-Cercozo
–Euglenozoa: C. Euglenids, C. Kinetoplastids
–Diplomonadida
Protozoa:
-common/original sub-phyla
-Sarcodina: Pseudopod (rhizopods)
–Mastigophora: Flagella
–Ciliophora: Cilia
–Sporozoa (apicomplexan): Non-motile, Spore-forming
Protozoa life cycles may be:
-Haplontic: Vegetative (i.e. actively feeding and asexually reproducing) cells are haploid, the zygote being the only diploid cell in the life cycle
–Diplontic: Vegetative cells are diploid, the gametes being the only haploid cells in the life cycle
-Diplohaplontic: Alternation of diploid and haploid vegetative generations
Phylum Parabasala
lack?
body?
2 species
protoza
-Lack mitochondria
-Parabasal body: Golgi bodies
–Trichonympha: Termite digestion
-Trichomonas: Trichomoniasis
Phylum Alveolates:
protozoa
-Alveoli
-Tubular Mitochondria Cristae
-Sub-divisions: Ciliates, Apicomplexans, Dinoflagellates
–Ciliates: Chemoheterotrophs, Binucleate (Macro which are long and Micro)
– G.Vorticella
– G.Balantidium
– G.Paramecium
–Apicomplexans: animalia parasitic, spore-forming
–dinoflagellates: Photosynthetic, Bi-flagellate, Large proportion of plankton (Some Bioluminescent or Rhodo-pigmented), Neurotoxins (Gymnodinium, Gonyaulax)
phylum cercozoa
protozoa
-Amoeboid + Some Flagellates: Some with Chloroplasts
-Pseudopodia (thread)
-Amorphous
-Shelled (mineral skeleton): CaCO3
– Foraminifera
radiolaria
phylum?
aka?
characteristics?
mostly?
protozoa
(a.k.a. radiozoa)
* Amoeboid, Pseudopodia (thread), Radially centered, Shelled (mineral skeletons) : SiO2
* Mostly zooplankton
amoebozoa
protozoa
-Amoebae
–Pathogenic: Free-living (cerebral/ocular damage), Naegleria, Acanthamoeba
* Parasitic (dysenteric): Entamoeba
* Slime molds: Plasmodial (Myxogastria), Cellular (Dictyosteliida), Protosteloids
Slime Molds that are Plasmodial (Acellular): Amoebozoa
protozoa (eukaryota)
-Spores become myxoamoebae
-Myxoamoebae fuse together to Protozoa
Slime molds that are Cellular : Amoebozoa
-Exists as haploid myxamoebae
-Life Cycle is Food-abound, Reproduce by mitosis
-Scarcity:
* Myxoamoeba gather into pseudoplasmodium Slug
* Slug migrates for food and forms Fruiting body (Sporangium)
* Sporangia release spores (individual cells)
Euglenozoa
protozoa
-Modified flagella
-Disc-shaped cristae in Mitochondria
-2 types: Euglenids, Kinetoplastids
euglenids : Euglenozoa
misidentified as?
respire?
in the dark??
use what instead of? to store food?
morphology?
reproduce?
form?
-Misidentified as plants
-Photoautotrophic: Have chlorophyll
-Chemoautotrophic in the dark
-Use Paramylon instead of starch to store food
-Morphology: No cell wall, Flagellated (Squirming movement aka “Euglenid movement” and Red “eye spot” for directional movement), Interior pellicle for structure
-Reproduce mitotically and by cytokinesis
-Form cysts under harsh conditions
kinetoplastids : Euglenozoa
structure?
causes?
2 species
protozoa
-Single large mitochondrion: Specialized Kinetoplastid at the end of mitochondria
-Parasitic
-Pathogenic
-Trypanosoma spp.: Causing sleeping sickness
-Leishmania spp.: Causing Leishmaniasis
Diplomonadida
lack?
structure?
species and disease?
-Lack classic: Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Peroxisomes
-Binucleated, Multi-flagellated
-Giardia lamblia→Giardiasis
