Proximal Upper Limb

Question 1

What is the course of blood flow in the arm?

Answer 1

Subclavian
Axillary
Brachial
Ulnar and radial
Digital

Question 2

What vein is the most common site of venepuncture?

Answer 2

Median cubital as it is fixed in place by perforating veins

Question 3

What is the pectoral girdle and its movements?

Answer 3

Is an incomplete bony ring formed by theclavicleandscapulaon each side of the body, joined anteriorly by the manubrium of thesternum. The bones of the shoulder girdle articulate with each other and partake in the formation of 4 joints that include:

• Thesternoclavicular joint- formed between the sternum and clavicle.
• The acromioclavicular (AC) joint - formed between the scapula and the clavicle.
• Theglenohumeral (shoulder) joint- formed between the scapula and humerus.
• Thescapulothoracic joint- formed between the scapula and the posterior thoracic cage.

Movements:

1. Protraction of the scapula: By moving the scapula laterally away from thespine, the shoulders are moved anteriorly and inwards.
2. Retraction of scapula: This movement pulls the scapula medially towards the spine and moves the shoulders backwards and inwards.
3. Elevation of scapula: Movement that allows the shoulder girdle to move upwards as in shrugging theshoulders.
4. Depression of scapula: In contrast to the latter, this movement allows for the scapula and shoulder girdle to move downwards.
5. Upward rotation of scapula: By rotating the lower scapula laterally and upwards the shoulder girdle moves upwards and inwards.
6. Downward rotation of scapula: Movement that rotates the lower scapula towards the spinal column that moves the shoulder girdle downwards.

Question 4

What are the rotator cuff muscles, their action and nerve supply?

Answer 4

Question 5

What are the scapula mover muscles, their action and nerve supply?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the shoulder joint movers, their action and nerve supply?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the muscles of the proximal arm, their action and nerve supply?

Answer 7

Question 8

What does the brachial plexus arise from?

Answer 8

C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1