PSY midterm 1

Question 1

What is development?

Answer 1

Growth and change over time

Includes changes that are progressive and regressive

Starts in utero, continues through life until death

Question 2

What are teratogens?

Answer 2

Environmental substances or agents that negatively impact developing organism, especially during embryonic growth

May impact physical development

Shortening of arms or legs

May impact cognitive functioning

Attention and intelligence

Alcohol, smoking, drugs, certain medication, and specific viruses/illnesses

Dose, timing, and cumulative effects matter

Cumulative effects = more than one teratogen working together

Correlation research is very common

Use of mice to test Zika virus

Help with knowing effectiveness of vaccines

Question 3

Basic info about the uterus

Answer 3

Pregnancy beings with and EGG AND A SPERM

Ovulation

Egg is released from one of two ovaries

Egg goes from ovaries through fallopian tube into the uterus

Uterus has thick lining to prepare for pregnancy of fertilized egg

No fertilization

Egg is expelled along the uterine lining during menstrual cycle

Fertilization

Only occurs during short time in middle of menstrual cycle

Unprotected sex around ovulation

Sperm can only survive in female body for around 5 days

Fertilization occurs in fallopian tube most of the time

After fertilization, fertilized egg travels to and implants onto uterine lining

Question 4

What is the period of the zygote?

Answer 4

Once egg is fertilized, period of zygote begins

Primary characteristic is rapid cell division

Divide exponentially

Hollows the center

Makes the blastocyst

Ends with implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine wall

Around 2 weeks after conception

Question 5

What are monozygotic twins?

Answer 5

Identical twins

Result when fertilized egg divides into two

Results in 2 zygotes

Both have genetic material that is almost identical

ALWAYS same sex

Question 6

What are dizygotic twins?

Answer 6

Fraternal twins

Occurs when 2 eggs are released during process of ovulation

They both become fertilized by different sperm

Results in 2 zygotes that may be of different sex

Don’t have more genetic similarity than siblings who are born years later

Question 7

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 7

When fertilized egg implants itself into the fallopian tube and not on uterine wall

Both pregnant individual and developing zygote are at risk

Fallopian tube cannot expand and contract like uterus

Question 8

Is it possible for a woman to carry twins that were conceived by sperm from 2 different men?

Answer 8

Yes

Must have 2 eggs

Dizygotic/fraternal twins

Question 9

Do developmental scientists care about cognitive development?

Answer 9

YES

After infants are born

How do they think and learn about the world?

Attention

Do older infants like to look at faces that younger infants? Why?

Language

At what age to children produce their first words?

How does their rate of word learning increase over time?

Memory

Do 20 month olds remember information for longer durations than 20 months?

Is there any way to improve long-term memory in children?

Question 10

Do developmental scientists care about social development?

Answer 10

YES

Parent-child interactions

At what age do infants begin to form bonds with their primary caregivers?

Are these bonds stable over time?

Sibling relationships

How do children react to birth of new sibling?

Do these associations vary with age?

Peer interactions

Is being bullies as a child associated with negative outcomes in adolescence or adulthood?