Sensorimotor Stage
Birth to 2 years
Preoperational Stage
2 to 7 years
Concrete Operations Stage
7 to 12 years
Formal Operations Stage
12+ years
Look at visual stimuli
Turn head towards noise
Birth to 3 months
Follow moving objects with eyes, Stares at place where object has disappeared, but will not
search for object
3 months
Grasp and manipulate objects
Anticipate future position of object
5 months
Searches for hidden object
“A not B” effect
8 months
Will search in the last place they saw the object
12 months
Behaviour based on external sanctions, such as authority and punishment
Preconventional Level
Includes an understanding that the social system has an interest in people’s
behaviour.
Conventional Level
Moral rules have some underlying principles that apply to all situations and
societies.
Post-Conventional Level
Covariation and Configuration
information can be derived from sources indicating Consistency, Consensus, and Distinctiveness
Actor Observer Effect
External attributions for self, internal attributions for others
Self-Serving Bias
People take credit for
their successes,
but not for their failures.
Mere exposure effect
Repeated exposure to any stimulus makes it more appealing.
Pessimistic Atributional Style
Internal attributions (of own failures)
Optimistic Attributional Style
External attributions (of own failures)
Theory of Planned Behaviour
positive attitudes, norms and control
Cognitive Dissonance
Behaviour is irrevocable so we change our attitude (attitude doesn’t initially line up with behavoiur)
Displacement
impulses redirected into a safer course
Reaction Formation
original wish is supplanted with the opposite
Projection
urges are projected onto others
Isolation
awareness of memories but not emotions
