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PSYC290 Names Flashcards

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1
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Founder of psychoanalysis who emphasized unconscious processes, childhood experiences, and internal conflicts. He proposed structures of personality (id, ego, superego) and defense mechanisms.

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2
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A

First American psychologist and founder of the APA. He pioneered developmental psychology and introduced the concept of adolescence.

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3
Q

Donald Hebb

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Proposed Hebbian learning, stating that neural connections strengthen through repeated activation. His work linked neuroscience and learning.

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4
Q

William James

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Founder of functionalism who emphasized the purpose of consciousness. He wrote The Principles of Psychology and influenced pragmatism.

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5
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Humanistic psychologist who developed client-centered therapy. He emphasized empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard.

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6
Q

Martin Seligman

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Founder of positive psychology and researcher on learned helplessness. His work focuses on well-being, resilience, and optimism.

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7
Q

B. F. Skinner

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Behaviorist who studied operant conditioning. He showed how reinforcement and punishment shape behavior.

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8
Q

John B. Watson

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Founder of behaviorism who argued psychology should study observable behavior. He demonstrated conditioning with the Little Albert experiment.

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9
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

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Established the first psychology laboratory in 1879. He promoted structuralism and the study of conscious experience.

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10
Q

Neal Miller

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Integrated learning theory with physiology. He conducted pioneering research on biofeedback.

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11
Q

Robert Rosenthal

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Studied expectancy effects in research. He demonstrated the Pygmalion effect in education.

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12
Q

Stanley Schachter

A

Co-developed the two-factor theory of emotion. He emphasized cognitive interpretation of arousal.

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13
Q

John Atkinson

A

Developed expectancy–value theory of achievement motivation. He studied motivation to succeed versus fear of failure.

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14
Q

David Buss

A

Evolutionary psychologist known for research on mating strategies. He studied sexual selection and mate preferences.

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15
Q

Walter Cannon

A

Proposed the Cannon–Bard theory of emotion. He emphasized simultaneous physiological arousal and emotional experience.

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16
Q

Paul Ekman & Wallace Friesen

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Identified universal facial expressions of emotion. They developed the Facial Action Coding System (FACS).

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17
Q

Joseph LeDoux

A

Researched neural pathways of fear. He distinguished fast and slow emotional processing routes in the brain.

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18
Q

William Masters & Virginia Johnson

A

Pioneers in scientific research on human sexuality. They described physiological stages of sexual response.

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19
Q

David McClelland

A

Studied human motivation, including need for achievement, affiliation, and power. He applied motivation theory to leadership.

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20
Q

Henry Murray

A

Developed the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). He emphasized personality needs and environmental presses.

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21
Q

Robert Plutchik

A

Proposed a psychoevolutionary theory of emotion. He identified eight basic emotions arranged in a wheel.

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22
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

Developed the Strange Situation to study attachment. She identified secure and insecure attachment styles.

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23
Q

Jay Belsky

A

Researched parenting and child development. He proposed differential susceptibility to environmental influences.

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24
Q

John Bowlby

A

Founder of attachment theory. He emphasized the importance of early caregiver bonds.

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25
Erik Erikson
Proposed eight stages of psychosocial development. Each stage involves a key developmental conflict.
26
Harry Harlow
Studied attachment using rhesus monkeys. He demonstrated the importance of comfort over nourishment.
27
Lawrence Kohlberg
Developed stages of moral development. He emphasized moral reasoning rather than behavior.
28
James Marcia
Expanded Erikson’s identity theory. He proposed four identity statuses.
29
Jean Piaget
Proposed stages of cognitive development. He emphasized active learning and schema formation.
30
Albert Thomas & Stella Chess
Identified temperament types in children. Their work emphasized biological influences on personality.
31
Lev Vygotsky
Emphasized social and cultural influences on learning. He introduced the zone of proximal development.
32
Alfred Adler
Founded individual psychology. He emphasized social interest and striving for superiority.
33
Albert Bandura
Developed social learning theory. He emphasized observational learning and self-efficacy.
34
Raymond Cattell
Used factor analysis to identify personality traits. He distinguished fluid and crystallized intelligence.
35
Norman Endler
Researched stress, anxiety, and personality. He emphasized person–situation interactions.
36
Hans Eysenck
Proposed biologically based personality dimensions. He emphasized extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.
37
Carl Jung
Founded analytical psychology. He proposed the collective unconscious and archetypes.
38
Abraham Maslow
Developed the hierarchy of needs. He emphasized self-actualization and human potential.
39
Walter Mischel
Studied self-control and delay of gratification. He emphasized the interaction of person and situation.
40
Delroy Paulhus
Researched socially desirable responding. He studied personality and self-presentation.
41
Solomon Asch
Demonstrated conformity through line judgment experiments. He showed social pressure influences perception.
42
Ellen Berscheid
Researched interpersonal attraction and close relationships. She studied emotional attachment and love.
43
John Cacioppo
Co-founded social neuroscience. He studied the biological basis of social behavior.
44
William Cunningham
Researched emotional processing and social cognition. He studied automatic and controlled evaluation.
45
Leon Festinger
Developed cognitive dissonance theory. He studied how people resolve conflicting beliefs.
46
Elaine Hatfield
Researched passionate and companionate love. She studied emotional intensity in relationships.
47
Cindy Hazan & Philip Shaver
Applied attachment theory to adult relationships. They identified adult attachment styles.
48
Fritz Heider
Developed attribution theory. He studied how people explain behavior.
49
Irving Janis
Proposed the concept of groupthink. He studied decision-making failures in groups.
50
Dennis Krebs
Researched moral reasoning and altruism. He applied evolutionary perspectives to morality.
51
Stanley Milgram
Studied obedience to authority. His experiments revealed powerful situational influences.
52
Robert Sternberg
Proposed triarchic theory of intelligence. He also developed a theory of love.
53
Bernard Weiner
Developed attribution theory of motivation. He emphasized locus, stability, and controllability.
54
Mark Zanna
Researched attitudes and persuasion. He studied attitude change and self-consistency.
55
Roy Baumeister
Researched self-control, motivation, and identity. He studied the limits of willpower.
56
Robin DiMatteo
Researched patient–provider communication. She studied health psychology and adherence.
57
Albert Ellis
Developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). He emphasized changing irrational beliefs.
58
Meyer Friedman & Ray Rosenman
Identified the Type A behavior pattern. They linked personality to heart disease.
59
Thomas Holmes & Richard Rahe
Developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale. They studied stress and illness.
60
Richard Lazarus
Developed cognitive appraisal theory of stress. He emphasized coping and interpretation.
61
Hans Selye
Proposed the general adaptation syndrome. He pioneered stress research.
62
Shelley Taylor
Researched stress, coping, and health. She proposed the tend-and-befriend response.
63
Martin Antony
Researched anxiety disorders and CBT. He focused on assessment and treatment.
64
Aaron Beck
Founder of cognitive therapy. He emphasized cognitive distortions in depression.
65
Robert Hare
Developed the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R). He researched antisocial personality.
66
Susan Nolen-Hoeksema
Researched rumination and depression. She studied gender differences in mood disorders.
67
David Rosenhan
Critiqued psychiatric diagnosis. He conducted the Rosenhan experiment.
68
Regina Schuller
Researched psychopathy and risk assessment. She studied forensic psychology.
69
Thomas Szasz
Critic of the medical model of mental illness. He emphasized personal responsibility.
70
Dorothea Dix
Advocate for humane treatment of the mentally ill. She influenced mental health reform.
71
Keith Dobson
Researched cognitive-behavioral therapy. He studied depression treatment.
72
Les Greenberg
Co-developed Emotion-Focused Therapy. He emphasized emotional processing in therapy.
73
Donald Meichenbaum
Developed cognitive-behavior modification. He emphasized coping skills training.
74
Zindel Segal
Co-developed Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. He focused on relapse prevention in depression.
75
Joseph Wolpe
Developed systematic desensitization. He pioneered behavior therapy for anxiety.
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