What is sexual dysfunction characterized by?
A disturbance in any part of the sexual response cycle or by pain associated with sexual intercourse
Causes distress leading to sexual frustration, guilt, loss of self-esteem, and relationship problems.
Name the three types of sexual dysfunction.
- Sexual Desire, Arousal, Interest Disorders
- Orgasmic Disorder
- Sexual Pain Disorder
These categories highlight different aspects of sexual dysfunction.
What occurs during the desire phase of the sexual response cycle?
Sexual urges occur in response to sexual cues or fantasies
This phase initiates the sexual response cycle.
In the arousal stage, what physiological signs occur in males?
Penile tumescence (increased flow of blood into penis)
In females, vasocongestion leads to vaginal lubrication and breast tumescence.
What is hypoactive sexual desire disorder in men?
Deficient/absent sexual fantasies and urges
This condition reflects a lack of sexual interest.
Define female orgasmic disorder.
Persistent absence of/failure to achieve orgasm after sexual excitement
This disorder affects women’s sexual satisfaction.
What is genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?
Persistent difficulties in vaginal penetration, vulvovaginal or pelvic pain during intercourse
Includes fear/anxiety about pain and tensing of pelvic floor muscles.
What are the risk factors for sexual dysfunction?
- Fear about performance during sex
- Spectator role
- Sexual trauma
- Low level of testosterone or estrogen
These factors can contribute to sexual dysfunction.
What is the goal of sensate focus in sex therapy?
To build trust and intimacy while reducing anxiety
Couples progress through stages from nonsexual touching to penetration.
What is a paraphilia?
Atypical sexual interests on objects, situations, or individuals
Not a disorder unless it causes distress or impairment.
Define fetishistic disorder.
Recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the use of inanimate objects or focus on non-genital body parts
Causes distress and impairment in functioning.
What characterizes pedophilic disorder?
Recurrent and intense sexual urges involving a prepubescent child (13 years old or younger)
The individual must be at least 16 years old and 5 years older than the target.
What is voyeuristic disorder?
Recurrent and intense sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked or engaging in sexual activity
Causes distress and impairment in functioning.
What is the focus of gender dysphoria in DSM-5?
Incongruence between expressed/identified gender and assigned sex or sex-relevant characteristics for at least six months
Causes clinically significant distress and impairment in functioning.
What are the criteria for gender dysphoria in children?
- Strong desire to be of the other gender
- Strong preference for cross-dressing
- Strong rejection of gender-stereotyped activities
At least 6 criteria must be met.
What is a personality disorder?
A type of mental disorder with a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning, and behaving
Causes significant problems in relationships and social activities.
Name the three clusters of personality disorders.
- Cluster A: Odd, Eccentric type
- Cluster B: Dramatic, Erratic type
- Cluster C: Anxious, Fearful type
Each cluster contains specific personality disorders.
What characterizes paranoid personality disorder?
Suspiciousness and distrustful of others, bears grudges, sees hidden meaning in remarks
Often linked to early mistreatment or traumatic childhood experiences.
Define histrionic personality disorder.
Attention-seeking, self-dramatization, exaggerated expression of emotion
Often co-occurs with antisocial personality disorder.
What is the hallmark of antisocial personality disorder?
Failure to conform to social norms, deceitful, lack of remorse
Must be at least 18 years old with evidence of conduct disorder.
What are the risk factors for developing paraphilic disorders?
- Low intellectual functioning
- Early life sexual experiences
- Disrupted development of sexuality
- Reinforced behavior
These factors can contribute to the development of paraphilic disorders.
What is the age requirement for evidence of conduct disorder?
Before age 15 years
A diagnosis of conduct disorder is considered only if evidence is present before this age.
For individuals older than 18 years, when is a diagnosis of conduct disorder given?
Only if criteria for antisocial personality disorder are not met
This distinction is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
When both substance use and antisocial behavior begin in childhood, what should be diagnosed?
- Both disorders if both criteria are met
Some antisocial acts may be consequences of substance use disorder.
