What is psychopathology?
Pattern of emotion, thoughts and/or behaviors leading to personal distress or the inability to achieve important goals
It serves as a framework for understanding psychological disorders.
What does the medical model refer to in psychology?
Using the language of medical conditions as a template for understanding and describing psychological conditions
It includes aspects like etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
What are the Influences of the biopsychosocial model?
Biological influences
Psychological influences
Sociocultural influences
This model emphasizes the interaction of these factors in understanding psychological disorders.
Define maladaptive behavior.
Distress
Dysfunction
Deviance
These behaviors can lead to personal distress or impair daily functioning.
What is Intern’s Disease?
The tendency for people to believe they share symptoms of a disorder upon hearing them
Only a trained and licensed professional can diagnose a psychological disorder.
List the classic symptoms of abnormality.
Hallucinations
Delusions
Affective disturbance
These symptoms indicate significant psychological distress.
What is the DSM-5?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition
It classifies mental disorders and provides criteria for diagnosis.
What are the purposes of the DSM-5?
Determine the nature of the client’s problems
Predict the probable course of problems
Administer appropriate treatment
It creates a common language for communication about disorders.
What is the categorical approach in diagnosis?
Identifies/separates each disorder based on a fixed set of symptoms
It indicates whether a disorder is present or not.
What is the dimensional approach in diagnosis?
Perceiving the disorder along a subjective continuum from little to extreme impairment
It improves recognition of comorbidity between disorders.
True or false: The same symptom can appear as part of more than one disorder in the DSM.
TRUE
This can complicate diagnosis and treatment.
What is Major Depressive Disorder characterized by?
Sadness and hopelessness for weeks or months
No interest in activities
Changes in eating and sleeping habits
Lifetime prevalence: Women 20%, Men 12%.
What defines Bipolar Disorder?
Alternating between depression and mania
Mania is a very agitated, usually elated emotional state.
What are the two types of Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar I: Elevated mania and deep depression
Bipolar II: Deep depression with moderate mania
Mood shifts in Bipolar II tend to be less frequent.
What is an anxiety disorder?
Intense and long-lasting anxiety that disrupts daily functioning
It can manifest in various forms, including phobias.
Define phobia.
An intense, irrational fear of an object or situation that is not likely to be dangerous
A person usually realizes that their fear is irrational.
What is social anxiety disorder?
Irrational fears related to social situations
Concerns about being judged or embarrassed are common.
What is agoraphobia?
Strong fear of being separated from a safe place or person
It involves fear of being trapped where escape may be difficult.
What characterizes panic disorder?
Recurrent terrifying panic attacks
Symptoms include heart palpitations, dizziness, and sweating.
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Excessive and long-lasting anxiety not focused on a particular object or situation
Untreated GAD can lead to headaches, ulcers, or insomnia.
What are the components of obsessive-compulsive disorders?
- Obsessions: Persisting, upsetting thoughts
- Compulsions: Repetitive behaviors
OCD is characterized by obsessions that motivate compulsions.
What is Dissociative Amnesia?
Loss of memory from the past without physical trauma
It involves a loss of sense of self and identity.
What is Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
The person appears to have more than one identity
Formerly known as multiple personality disorder.
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech/thinking
- Disorganized behavior
These symptoms indicate distortions in thought and perception.
