Define force.
A push or pull acting on an object, measured in newtons.
What is mass?
The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms.
True or false: Weight is the mass of an object multiplied by gravity.
TRUE
Weight varies with gravity; it is different on other planets.
Fill in the blank: Energy is the ability to do ______.
work
What is kinetic energy?
The energy an object possesses due to its motion.
Define potential energy.
The stored energy of an object due to its position or state.
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
True or false: Friction always acts in the direction of motion.
FALSE
Friction opposes the direction of motion.
What is acceleration?
The rate of change of velocity of an object.
Define velocity.
The speed of an object in a specified direction.
Fill in the blank: Momentum is the product of mass and ______.
velocity
What is Newton’s first law?
An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by a force.
True or false: Work is done when a force moves an object.
TRUE
Work is calculated as force times distance.
What is power?
The rate at which work is done, measured in watts.
Define energy transfer.
The movement of energy from one place or object to another.
Fill in the blank: Thermal energy is related to the ______ of particles.
temperature
What is conduction?
The transfer of heat through direct contact between materials.
What is convection?
The transfer of heat by the movement of fluids.
True or false: Radiation requires a medium to transfer heat.
FALSE
Radiation can occur in a vacuum.
What is wave?
A disturbance that transfers energy through space or matter.
Define frequency.
The number of waves that pass a point in one second.
Fill in the blank: The speed of a wave is the product of its ______ and wavelength.
frequency
What is refraction?
The bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another.
True or false: Sound travels faster in air than in water.
FALSE
Sound travels faster in water due to closer particle arrangement.
