PT

Question 1

One disadvantage of liquid penetrant
inspection is that:
a. penetrant materials may cause drying
and cracking of the skin.
b. large subsurface discontinuities with
openings to the surface will not form
indications.
c. it can only be used with nonferrous
material.
d. the materials are only available in
aerosol spray cans.

Answer 1

a. penetrant materials may cause drying
and cracking of the skin.

Question 2

2. Which of the following is not a physical
   property associated with penetrant
   materials?
   a. Solvent resistance.
   b. Flash point.
   c. Viscosity.
   d. Chemical inertness

Answer 2

a. Solvent resistance.

Question 3

3. The removal of smeared metal by chemical
   processes is called:

a. grit or sand blasting.
b. machining.
c. etching.
d. quenching.

Answer 3

c. etching.

Question 4

4. A standard classification for a type of
   developer is:

a. water soluble.
b. water washable.
c. nonfluorescent.
d. solvent removable.

Answer 4

a. water soluble.

Question 5

5. A penetrant inspection cannot find:

a. surface porosity.
b. surface cracks.
c. an internal cavity.
d. a surface forging lap.

Answer 5

c. an internal cavity.

Question 6

6. Which of the methods listed below is most
   applicable for detecting fine, tight surface
   cracks?

a. Visible dye, water washable.
b. Visible dye, postemulsifiable.
c. Fluorescent, water washable.
d. Fluorescent, postemulsifiable.

Answer 6

d. Fluorescent, postemulsifiable.

Question 7

7. The term used to describe the total time
   that penetrant remains on the workpiece is:

a. immersion.
b. drain.
c. dwell.
d. presoak.

Answer 7

c. dwell.

Question 8

8. Developer assists in the detection of
   discontinuities by:

a. providing a contrasting background.
b. emulsifying the penetrant bleedout.
c. providing a clean surface.
d. providing a dry surface

Answer 8

a. providing a contrasting background.

Question 9

9. Difficulties with removal of a postemulsifiable penetrant during the rinse operation can be overcome by:

a. reapplying a coating of emulsifier.
b. using conditioned (soft) water during
the washing operation.
c. cleaning, then completely reprocessing
the part using a longer emulsification
time.
d. increasing the water temperature during
the washing operation Ref B;Ref C

Answer 9

c. cleaning, then completely reprocessing
the part using a longer emulsification
time.

Question 10

10. Excessive removal of penetrant may result
    in:
    a. undetected discontinuities during
    evaluation.
    b. an excessive background that inhibits
    the evaluation process.
    c. the need to apply the developer twice
    to obtain significant bleedout.
    d. small, tight cracks that are easily
    detected on parts with a smooth
    surface.

Answer 10

a. undetected discontinuities during
evaluation.

Question 11

11. Which of the following is an advantage of
    a fluorescent water washable penetrant
    system compared to a fluorescent
    postemulsifiable penetrant system?

a. Water washable is superior for testing
critical in service parts.
b. Water washable has fewer processing
steps.
c. Only wet developer may be used with
postemulsifiable penetrants.
d. Water washable penetrants will more
readily detect fine, tight cracks in
weldments.

Answer 11

b. Water washable has fewer processing
steps.

Question 12

12. Which of the following is not an advantage
    of postemulsifiable fluorescent penetrants?
    a. High sensitivity level to detect very
    fine defects.
    b. They are easily removed with water
    after proper emulsification dwell time.
    c. They are easily removed from sand
    castings after proper emulsification
    dwell time.
    d. They have higher tolerance to
    variations in the removal process when
    compared to water washable
    penetrants.

Answer 12

c. They are easily removed from sand
castings after proper emulsification
dwell time.

Question 13

13. When using the visible, solvent removable process, after the penetrant dwell time, excess penetrant is removed by:

a. spraying solvent on the part and then wiping with a clean, dry rag or paper towel.
b. wiping off excess penetrant with a clean, dry rag or paper towel, moistening the part with solvent andrewiping the part.
c. wiping off excess penetrant with a clean, dry rag or paper towel, moistening a clean cloth with solvent and rewiping the part.
d. wiping off excess penetrant with a clean, dry rag or paper towel, then rewiping with a cloth soaked with solvent.

Answer 13

c. wiping off excess penetrant with
a clean, dry rag or paper towel,
moistening a clean cloth with solvent
and rewiping the part.

Question 14

14. When using a fluorescent, postemulsifiable
    penetrant, the best emulsification time is:
    a. 10 s.
    b. 5 s.
    c. 2 to 3 s.
    d. determined by experimentation

Answer 14

d. determined by experimentation

Question 15

15. Which type of developer is generally
    considered the most sensitive for locating
    fine discontinuities?

a. Solvent suspended.
b. Water soluble
c. Water suspended.
d. Dry powder.

Answer 15

a. Solvent suspended.

Question 16

16. Which of the following penetrant systems
    is the least sensitive?

a. fluorescent, postemulsifiable
b. visible, solvent removable.
c. fluorescent, solvent removable.
d. fluorescent, water washable.

Answer 16

b. visible, solvent removable.

Question 17

17. One method for applying dry developer to
    a localized area of a large part is with:

a. a brush.
b. a powder bulb.
c. an aerosol can.
d. an immersion tank.

Answer 17

b. a powder bulb.

Question 18

18. Prewash and postwash stations are an
    advantage when using which of the
    following penetrant methods?

a. Visible, lipophilic postemulsifiable.
b. Fluorescent, hydrophilic
postemulsifiable.
c. Visible, water washable.
d. Fluorescent, lipophilic
postemulsifiable.

Answer 18

b. Fluorescent, hydrophilic
postemulsifiable.

Question 19

19. The specific gravity of wet developer is
    measured with a:

a. developer gage.
b. hydrogage.
c. balance scale.
d. hydrometer.

Answer 19

d. hydrometer.

Question 20

20. Which of the following describes the
    comparator that is used to monitor the
    process performance of the penetrant
    system?

a. A panel with one half chrome plated
containing five crack centers and the
other half grit blasted.
b. A cracked aluminum block with a
groove in the center.
c. A chrome plated panel with fine cracks
across the face to a depth equal to the
plating thickness.
d. Ceramic coated block with fine cracks
extending around the entire panel.

Answer 20

a. A panel with one half chrome plated
containing five crack centers and the
other half grit blasted.

Question 21

21. Ultraviolet light intensity is measured with:
    a. a digital or analog UV-A meter.
    b. a photographic light meter.
    c. an infrared meter.
    d. a standard white light meter.

Answer 21

a. a digital or analog UV-A meter.

Question 22

22. What instrument is used to check
    hydrophilic emulsifier concentration?

a. A hydrometer.
b. A capillary fill barometer.
c. A centrifuge tube.
d. A refractometer.

Answer 22

d. A refractometer.

Question 23

24. A group of nearly rounded indications
    located in an area that transitions between
    thick and thin sections of aluminum
    castings is known as:

a. shrinkage cracks.
b. gas holes.
c. laminations.
d. cracks due to heat treating.

Answer 23

a. shrinkage cracks.

Question 23

23. The penetrant performance characteristic
    known as sensitivity is defined as the:

a. the contrast between an indication and
the background.
b. ability to produce a visible indication
from a small, tight linear discontinuity.
c. volume percentage of penetrant that
remains in a discontinuity after
processing.
d. ability to enter a discontinuity to form
an indication. Ref B

Answer 23

b. ability to produce a visible indication
from a small, tight linear discontinuity.

Question 24

25. Processing a part with developer residue remaining from a previous penetrant inspection may result in: a. an enhanced background contrast. b. a more rapid formation of indications. c. a greatly reduced formation of indications. d. the elimination of a second application of developer.

Answer 24

c. a greatly reduced formation of indications.

Question 25

26. For intermediate dwell times, applying fresh penetrant 15 min before removal assists the process by increasing the: a. rate of evaporation. b. time required for the removal operation. c. rate of penetration. d. sensitivity of the penetrant.

Answer 25

c. rate of penetration.

Question 26

27. How does an increase in temperature affect the viscosity of a penetrant? a. It becomes more viscous and decreases in flow rate. b. It becomes less viscous and decreases in flow rate. c. It becomes more viscous and increases in flow rate. d. It becomes less viscous and increases in flow rate.

Answer 26

d. It becomes less viscous and increases in flow rate.

Question 27

28. Repeated or cyclic loads below the yield strength of a material can cause: a. service cracking. b. fatigue cracking. c. intergranular cracking. d. thermal cracking.

Answer 27

b. fatigue cracking.

Question 28

29. Grinding checks or cracks are caused by: a. localized overheating. b. a slow feed rate. c. unequal heating or cooling. d. rapid cooling from high temperatures

Answer 28

a. localized overheating.

Question 29

30. Elongated inclusions found in bar stock are called: a. seams. b. laps. c. stringers. d. contaminants.

Answer 29

c. stringers.

Question 30

31. An advantage of the postemulsification fluorescent penetrant process is that it: a. is very good on rough surfaces such as sand castings. b. has fewer operations than other penetrant processes. c. can be used on anodized surfaces. d. can be used to detect wide, shallow discontinuities.

Answer 30

d. can be used to detect wide, shallow discontinuities.

Question 31

32. What comparison standard has control over the depth and quantity of cracks? a. A stainless steel test panel. b. A cracked aluminum test block. c. A ceramic test block. d. A grit blast panel.

Answer 31

a. A stainless steel test panel.

Question 32

33. Compared to a certified Level I inspector, a Level II inspector: a. can process all forms of a product. b. is authorized to approve all penetrant procedures. c. requires more formal training hours and work experience. d. can determine the acceptance criteria for a part.

Answer 32

c. requires more formal training hours and work experience.

Question 33

34. A limitation on materials used to inspect nickel alloy welds in a nuclear or pressure vessel system is that the penetrant materials should have: a. sulfur and halogen residual of 10% or less by weight. b. sulfur, chlorine and fluorine residual of 1 % or less by weight. c. chlorine and halogen residual of 5% or less by weight. d. halogen and fluoride residual of 10% or less by weight

Answer 33

b. sulfur, chlorine and fluorine residual of 1 % or less by weight.

Question 34

35. A weld discontinuity that appears star shaped with small indications emanating from a central point is a: a. burst. b grinding crack. c. crater crack. d heat affected zone (HAZ) crack.

Answer 34

c. crater crack.

Question 35

36. Multiple round or nearly round indications scattered on a weld are the result of: a. crater pits. b. undercut. c. porosity. d. weld laps.

Answer 35

c. porosity.

Question 36

37. Which of the following would not be the cause of a nonrelevant indication? a. Penetrant on the inspection table. b. An improperly cleaned surface. c. A corrosion crack. d. Penetrant trapped in the threads of a part.

Answer 36

c. A corrosion crack.

Question 37

38. The periodic checks performed to assure that the penetrant testing system is functioning are called: a. process control tests. b. maintenance tests. c. certification tests. d. performance evaluations.

Answer 37

a. process control tests.

Question 38

39. A relevant indication in a casting may be caused by: a. a burst. b. a crater crack. c. laminations. d. porosity.

Answer 38

d. porosity.

Question 39

40. The relative size of a surface discontinuity is estimated based on the indication intensity and the: a. amount of bleedout b. size and shape. c. direction of bleedout

Answer 39

a. amount of bleedout

Question 40

41. Which of the following is a nonrelevant indication found during penetrant inspection? a. Marks on the part due to penetrant on the inspector's hands. b. A press fit insert ring in the bore of a shaft. c. Linear indications on a heat treated weldment. d. Dry developer residue

Answer 40

b. A press fit insert ring in the bore of a shaft.

Question 41

42. A visual method used as acceptance criteria for a part uses: a. sized wires. b. a calibrated scale. c. a testing and monitoring panel. d. referenced photographs.

Answer 41

d. referenced photographs.

Question 42

43. The purpose of a penetrant system monitor is to provide: a. a method of estimating the cost of inspection. b. verification of the overall processing system performance. c. standardization for performing process controls. d. the means to reject test objects.

Answer 42

b. verification of the overall processing system performance.

Question 42

44. Using a weld standard for interpretation of indications provides: a. reliable acceptance criteria. b. an accurate method to determine repair costs. c. the format for a test report. d. the means to reject linear indications

Answer 42

a. reliable acceptance criteria.

Question 43

45. Dry developer is checked for fluorescent contamination by: a. comparing the in-use developer to new material. b. processing a testing and monitoring panel. c. a laboratory examination for chemical composition. d. viewing under an ultraviolet light for fluorescent specks.

Answer 43

d. viewing under an ultraviolet light for fluorescent specks.

Question 44

46. Ultraviolet lights over a fluorescent penetrant wash station are used to: a. verify a uniform coating of penetrant has been applied to the part. b. verify the emulsifier covers the entire surface. c. monitor the removal of surface penetrant. d. check the cleanliness of parts before processing.

Answer 44

c. monitor the removal of surface penetrant.

Question 45

47. An advantage of inspecting forgings with the penetrant process is that: a. it can detect any type of discontinuity associated with forgings. b. there are no limitations to the part size or shape. c. forging scale does not interfere with the test. d. penetrant materials do not have any adverse affects on any alloy that is forged.

Answer 45

b. there are no limitations to the part size or shape.

Question 46

48. Discontinuities that may be found in aluminum extrusions are: a. porosity and inclusions. b. laminations. c. cracks. d. laps and seams.

Answer 46

d. laps and seams.

Question 47

49. Which of the following discontinuities are associated with forgings? a. Tears. b. Cracks. c. Bursts. d. Blow holes.

Answer 47

c. Bursts.