PT

Question 1

2 main tx interventions w/in PT?

Answer 1

• manual therapy and therapeutic exercise

Question 2

What is PT?

Answer 2

• dynamic allied health profession
• assist w/ restoration, maintenance, and promotion of optimal physical fxn
• application of established theoretical and evidence based clinical assessments and tx

Question 3

Specialization of PT?

Answer 3

• ortho
• sports medicine
• geriatric
• neurology
• peds
• wound care
• electophysiology
• aquatic therapy

Question 4

Components of pt management?

Answer 4

1. exam and eval: (observation, hx, system review, tests and measures)
2. dx
3. prognosis (plan of care, timing and frequency)
4. intervention (purposeful/skilled interaction)

Question 5

Therapeutic goals for general ortho conditions?

Answer 5

• educate: PRICE, activity modifications, active rest
• pain control, spasm management through modalities and manual therapy
• increase fxn by regaining ROM and strength
• improve coordination, gait, balance, propioception, core activation
• appropriate bracing/orthoses
• prevent or minimize permanent physical disabilities
• restore, maintain, and promote overall health and fitness

Question 6

Components of Manual therapy?

Answer 6

• tissue/restriction mobilization
• mobilization/manipulation
• manual lymphatic drainage

Question 7

Therapeutic exercises used in PT?

Answer 7

• aerobic capacity/endurance conditioning
• balance, coordination, and agility training
• body mechanics and postural stabilization
• flexibility exercises
• gait and locomotion training
• neuromuscular development and re-education
• relaxation/breathing techniques
• strength, power and endurance training

Question 8

Components of fxnl training?

Answer 8

self care, home management, work, community and leisure

• ADL training
• barrier accomodations/modifications
• device and equip use/training
• fxnl training programs
• instrumental ADL training
• injury prevention or reduction

Question 9

What devices and equipment are used in PT?

Answer 9

• adaptive
• assistive
• orthotic
• prosthetic
• protective
• supportive

Question 10

Physical agents and mechanical modalities used in PT?

Answer 10

• cryotherapy/hydrotherapy
• electrotherapeutics
• sound agents
• thermotherapy
• compression
• traction devices
• gravity assisted pneumatic compression devices

Question 11

Mechanical components of PT?

Answer 11

• eval of jt, soft tissues, muscular, visceral, and neurovascular components which limit motion or fxn
• tx includes: fxnl mobilization of the above using PNF techniques

Question 12

Neuromuscular components of PT?

Answer 12

• eval pt’s muscular ability to efficiently initiate and demonstrate proper strength and endurance for any given contraction
• eval of trunk stabilizing muscle groups w/ selected automatic core engagement tests
• tx includes: manual facilitation technique and directed exercise

Question 13

Motor control components of PT?

Answer 13

• individual’s ability to utilize efficient mechanical and neuromuscular components to efficiently assume a balanced posture while performing efficient fxnl activities w/ necessary balancing rxns
• trained through resistance and repetition, focusing on kinesthetic and propioceptive awareness and enhancement
• effective motor control allows for an effectively timed activation of the core and global muscles during activity

Question 14

Commonly tx ortho conditions in PT?

Answer 14

• knee: Patellofemoral, ligamentous, meniscal tears
• rotator cuff disease
• ankle sprains/fx
• low back pain
• cervical myofascial disorders
• lateral hip pain

Question 15

What is patellofemoral pain syndrome? Caused by what? Presentation and tx?

Answer 15

• anterior knee pain caused by patellofemoral cartilagenous degenerative changes and ipsilateral hip abductor weakness
• prolonged walking or sitting, running, hill climbing and stairs
• minimal to no swelling, crepitation
• palpation typically unremarkable
• flat feet (pes planus)
• rest, strengthening (hip), orthotics, anti-inflammatories, taping

Question 16

Presentation of rotator cuff syndrome? Tx?

Answer 16

• impingement, tendonitis, tendonosis, tear
• aging adult or overhead athlete; trauma
• distal supraspinatus against acromion leads to compression and loss of blood flow to small vessels and tendons will begin to fray
• overhead activities, reaching behind back, sleeping on involved side, isolated cuff weakness
• rest, activity modifications, NSAIDs, cortisone, ice, exercise, surgery

Question 17

Etiology of ankle sprain? Presentation, tx?

Answer 17

• ligaments stretched/partially torn
• ATFL injured 90% of time w/ inversion sprains
• hx, warmth, redness, swelling, pain
• ddx to distinguish b/t a sprain and fx
• ottawa ankle rule (100% specific)
• PRICE, bracing, ROM, balance, propioreceptive reawareness, strength and stabilization

Question 18

Etiology of low back pain? Presentation? Tx?

Answer 18

• overuse/muscular strain, ligamentous sprain, disc injury, degenerative breakdown
• 90% incidence of benign musculoskeletal problem
• affects over 80% of pop lifetime
• MC job related disability claim, 2nd most common ailment reported
• pain, decreased movement, radicular sxs
• may need ddx/dx testing to discern if problem is mechanical, inflammatory, neoplastic, metabolic or referred pain
• rest, education, meds, ice, e-stim, early exercise (stability muscles)

Question 19

Causes of cervalgia? Tx?

Answer 19

• common prob (2/3 of pop lifetime incidence)
• muscular, skeletal, vascular, nerve, airway, digestive, referred
• stress, poor postures, minor injuries, referred pain, overuse, disc protrusion, pinched nerve, degenerative
• most benefit from conservative tx (cold/heat, TENS, improved posture/body mechanics, NSAIDs/steroids, jt mobs and exercise)

Question 20

What is trochanteric bursitis? Presentation? Tx?

Answer 20

• inflammation of trochanteric bursa (b/t insertion of gluteus medius and minimus)
• shock absorber and lubricator
• localized pain and tenderness behind the GT, pain w/ walking and prolonged standing, pain w/ stairs and hills, lying on affected side
• pain often caused by inflammation of glute tendons due to inflamed bursa
• isolate cause: LLD, ITBS, hip weakness
• may coexist w/ LBP, OA, obesity
• activity modifications: heat, cortisone, US, STM, stretching, strengthening

Question 21

What is an ACL disruption? Presentation? Tx?

Answer 21

• prevents anterior tibial translation in relation to femur
• MC knee ligament injury (often non contact)
• although copers exist, most reqr surgical repair
• hx: pop, immediate knee pain and swelling, perceived knee instability, aspirate bloody fluid, + lachmans
• PRICE, ortho consult, maybe MRI
• 6-9 month fxnl rehab process