1
Q
define UV
A
Hot Quartz
• Contains argon gas and liquid mercury
• Electric current heats the gas and vaporizes the mercury (Use good ventilation)
• Produces some heat but is not therapeutic (means doesn’t heat tissue)
• Emission is combination ABC
Cold Quartz
• Same as Hot Quartz, but lower temperature
• 90% of the emission is UVC
2
Q
define Infrared
A
- Dry, Superficial heating agent
- Radiant/radiation
- High frequency modality
- Energy is absorbed by non- reflective surface
3
Q
define LASER
A
- Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
- Lasers consist of highly organized light (photons) that elicits physiological events in the tissues.
- Cold laser / Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) does not normally cause tissue destruction
- A modality that utilizes red and/or infrared to relieve pain or accelerate healing or decrease inflammation
4
Q
What is the wavelength range for UltraViolet?
A
180 nm to 400 nm
5
Q
What is the wavelength range for Infrared?
A
Greater than 780 nm
• Near: 780 nm to 1500 nm
• Far: 1500 nm to 12,500 nm
6
Q
What is the wavelength range for therapeutic LASER?
A
- Between 650 and 1200 nm
- visible, infrared
- Wavelength determines the color of the light
7
Q
compare UV to visible light
A
- Below the lower limits of visible
* Undetectable by human eye
8
Q
compare Infrared to visible light
A
- Beyond upper limits of visible light
* Undetectable by human eye
9
Q
compare therapeutic LASER to visible light
A
- HeNe is 632.8 nm, visible
- GaAs is 904-910 nm, invisible
- GaAlAs is 830 nm, invisible
10
Q
3 types of beams: UV
A
(3 bands)
• UVA – 320 to 400 nm
• UVB – 290 to 320 nm
• UVC – 180 to 290 nm
11
Q
2 types of beams: Infrared
A
- Luminous/Near
- Non-luminous/Far
12
Q
describe Near Infrared
A
- Luminous / Near
- Visible light is emitted and some reflected of the skin
- Greater depth of penetration 5-10 mm
- Intensity determined by wattage of device
13
Q
describe Far Infrared
A
- Non-luminous / Far
- Glow is emitted from metal coils
- Less penetration – 2 mm
- Skin feels warmer to touch
- Intensity determined by wattage of device
14
Q
3 elements of beam: LASER
A
Laser light is
• Monochromatic
• Collimated
• Coherent
15
Q
list 13 indications for UV
A
• Wound healing • Slow-healing open wounds • Pressure sores • Treatment of infection • Treatment of psoriaris • Resolution of dermatitis • Folliculitis • Acne vulgaris • Pityriasis rosea • Tineal infections • Uremic pruritis • Exfoliation • Prevent sunburn (prior to sun exposure) OPEN WOUND AND SKIN HEALINGS
16
Q
list 3 indications for Infrared
A
- Subacute or chronic inflammatory conditions
- Skin infections
- Peripheral nerve injuries before electrical stimulation
17
Q
list 10 indications for LASER
A
- Wound healing
- Fracture healing
- Musculoskeletal pain
- Myofascial pain/fibromyalgia
- Trigger points
- Inflammatory conditions
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Arthritis
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
18
Q
list 13 contraindications for UV
A
- Liver or kidney disease
- Certain cardiovascular disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Tuberculosis
- Hyperthyroidism
- Lupus
- Herpes simplex I and II
- Albinism
- Porphyria
- Fever
- Patients receiving x-ray therapy
- Patients prone to sunburn or sensitive to sunlight exposure
- Certain birth control pills
19
Q
list 6 contraindications for Infrared
A
- Acute inflammatory conditions
- Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
- Areas with sensory loss
- Over areas of scars
- Sunburns
- Sleeping or unconscious patient
20
Q
list 7 contraindications for LASER
A
- Application to the eyes
- Application to the thyroid gland
- High-intensity application over areas of hemorrhage
- Over areas of active deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or thrombophlebitis
- Over cancerous areas
- Do not apply to the low back or abdomen during pregnancy
- Do not apply to the testicles
21
Q
list 6 precautions for UV
A
- Certain medications (e.g., tetracycline, quinolones, and psoralens),
- disease states (e.g., syphilis, kidney/liver disease, lupus, and alcoholism),
- foods (e.g., shellfish, strawberries, and eggs) can predispose the patient to sunburns. Identify if the patient has a history of sunburns and check with a physician regarding the history of burns or medications that the patient is taking.
- Exposure of the eyes to ultraviolet light can cause keratitis and conjunctivitis. Eye protection should always be worn by the patient and the clinician.
- Overexposure to ultraviolet radiation can result in protein shock.
- Ultraviolet radiation in the C band increases the risk of skin cancer
22
Q
list 3 precautions for Infrared
A
- Another modality should be considered if the patient lacks temperature perception
- The infrared heating element does not cool during the treatment, thus providing a constant level of energy. The unchanging temperature source increases the risk of burns. Check with the patient regularly
- Do not use on a sleeping or unconscious person
23
Q
list 5 precautions for LASER
A
- LLLT should not be applied within 6 months of radiation therapy
- Because of unknown effects, laser should not be applied over unfused epiphyseal plates, or be administered to small children
- The patient may experience dizziness during the treatment. If this occurs, discontinue the treatment. If the episode recurs, laser therapy should not be applied.
- Caution should be used with patients who are taking medications that increase sensitivity to light including certain anti histamines, oral contraceptives, NSAIDs, tetracyclines, and anitdepressants.
- Some tattoo ink may increase the absorption of laser energy
24
Q
treatment durations for UV
A
based on the MED
25
treatment durations for Infrared
20-30 minutes
| given as needed
26
treatment duration for LASER
depends on the type of LASER
27
What is MED?
Minimal
Erythemal
Dose
- smallest dose that produces erythema within 1 to 6 hours and disappears within 24hrs
28
What is MED used for?
It is used to determine the least amount of UV exposure time.
97
Glasses for laser
3b
98
What is the MED for hot UV lamps?
It depends.
Must be determined for each patient and is specific for each lamp.
30 in, 32, 36 in.
99
What is the MED for cold UV lamps?
they use a standard MED value
| but, cold lamps are applied at an intensity of E3 (third degree erythemal dose)
100
What is the injury response when UV is used?
- given sufficient intensity, UV energy activates the inflammatory response and triggers the release of histamine.
- some evidence suggests that UV light may also stimulate the superficial growth of granulation tissue.
101
name 3 things specific to the UV-C band
- c-band rays kill bateria
- c-band rays increase epithelization with mimmum erythema formation
- c-bands rays are NOT used for treating psoriasis
104
tissue penetration of LASER
HeNe - 0.8-15mm directly, > 15 mm indirectly
GaAs - 2 cm
GaAlAs - > 2cm
PTA - Therapeutic Procedures
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