what is trauma
Extremely distressing experience that causes severe emotional shock, and may have long lasting psychological effects
What is PTSD?
A reaction to an extreme trauma, which is likely to cause persuasive distress to almost anyone, such as natural or man-made disasters, combat serious accident, witnessing the violent death of others, being the victim of torture, terrorism, rape, or other crimes
How does PTSD differ from distressing experiences
These symptoms are not related to common experiences, such as uncomplicated, bereavement, marital conflict, or chronic illness, but are associated with events that would be marketing distressing for anyone
What is acute stress disorder
Similar to PTSD in terms of precipitating, traumatic events and symptomology
Symptoms or time, limited up to one month following the trauma
If symptoms last longer than one month, it is diagnosed PTSD
When do PTSD symptoms occur?
Maybe begin within the first three months after the trauma may be a delay of several months or even years
What are characteristic symptoms in PTSD?
Reexperiencing the traumatic event
Sustained high level of anxiety or arousal
General numbing of responsiveness
Intrusive recollection, or nightmares of event unable to remember certain aspects of trauma amnesia
Depression
Survivors guilt
Substance abuse
anger and aggression
Relationship problems

 what is the psychosocial theory of trauma related disorders?
Six to explain why some individuals exposed to massive trauma develop PTSD, while others do not
What are the variables included in the psychosocial theory of why some people develop PTSD while others do not
The traumatic experience
The individual
The recovery environment
What is the learning theory of trauma related disorders?
Negative reinforcement leads to the reduction of adverse experience, thereby reinforcing, and resulting in repetition of the behavior
Avoidance behaviors
Psych numbing
What is the cognitive theory of trauma related disorders?
Models consider the cognitive appraisal of an event and focus on the world assumption an individual makes
What are the three fundamental beliefs people construct within personal theory of reality
The world is benevolent and source of joy
The world is meaningful and controllable
The self is worth
What is trauma informed care
Realizing the Widespread impact of trauma, and various paths for recovery
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of trauma
Response by fully integrating knowledge about trauma and policies, procedures, and practice
Seeks to actively resist traumatization
What are some nursing diagnosis for trauma related disorders?
Post trauma syndrome
Complicated  grieving
What are some outcome criteria for PTSD?
Can acknowledge the traumatic event in the impact it has on life
Experiencing fewer flashbacks intrusive, recollections and nightmares
Has adaptive coping strategies
No ideas of self harm 
What is some nursing care for a client with trauma related disorder?
Reassurance of safety
Decreasing maladaptive symptoms
Demonstration of more adaptive coping strategies
Adaptive progression through grieving process
What is post trauma syndrome?
Sustained male adaptive response to a traumatic overwhelming event
What is complicated grieving?
A disorder that occurs after death of a significant other, in which the experience of distress accompanying bereavement fails to follow, normative expectations and manifestations in functional impairments
What is an adjustment disorder characterized by?
Maladaptive reaction to identifiable, stressor or stressors that result in the development of clinical significant emotional or behavioral symptoms
Occurs within three months of the stressor, and less no longer than six months after the stressor has ended
 what is adjustment disorder with depressed mood
Most commonly diagnosed
Symptoms such as depressed mood, tearfulness feelings of hopelessness exceeded what an expected of normative response to identified stressor
What is adjustment disorder with mixed anxiety and depressed mood
Disturbances in mood(depression, feelings of hopelessness and sadness) manifestations of an anxiety that are more intense than what would be expected or considered to be normative response to an identified stressor
What is adjustment disorder with anxiety?
Category, denotes male adaptive response to a stressor in which the predominant manifestation is anxiety. The clinician must differentiate this diagnosis from those of anxiety disorder.
What is adjustment disorder with the disturbance of conduct?
Characterized by conduct in which there is a violation of the rights of others of major age, appropriate societal, norms, and rules
Examples, vandalism, reckless, driving fighting
Differential diagnosis must be made from conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder, both which are longer duration
What is adjustment disorder with mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct?
Predominant features of this category
Emotional disturbances, anxiety, or depression
Disturbances of conduct in which there is a violation of the rights of others or major age, appropriate societal, norms, and rules
What is adjustment disorder unspecified
Subtype is used when the maladaptive reaction is not consistent with any other categories
Individual may have physical complaints withdrawal from relationships or exhibit, impaired work, or academic performance, but without significant disturbance, in emotion or conduct
