Puberty

Question 1

What is puberty?

Answer 1

the time where an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction

Question 2

Primary Sexual Characteristics

Answer 2

-present at birth
-determined by chromosomes

Question 3

What are some female primary sexual characteristics?

Answer 3

-thicker vaginal walls
-vaginal secretions
-menarche

Question 4

What are some male primary sexual characteristics?

Answer 4

-larger prostate
-larger seminal vesicles
- ejaculation

Question 5

What are the 3 puberty trends?

Answer 5

• age of menarche is decreasing for females
• trends in male puberty are different to measure
• timing of puberty has increased, tempo has decreased

Question 6

Father absence & female sexual behavior

Answer 6

• a potential critical period in 1st 5-7 years for father’s absence
• stepfathers may increase pubertal development & sexual behaviors
• Early pubertal maturation increases risk of sex & teenage pregnancy
• NOT UNIVERSAL

Question 7

What is puberty marked by?

Answer 7

-rapid changes in height & weight
-development of primary & secondary sex characteristics
- changes in brain structure & activity

Question 8

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 8

-The manifestations of sexual maturity at puberty

Question 9

What are some examples of secondary sexual characteristics?

Answer 9

• breasts
• facial hair
• voice changes

Question 10

What does TIMING mean?

Answer 10

the AGE at which puberty begins

Question 11

What time does puberty start for girls?

Answer 11

8-13 years old

Question 12

What time does puberty start for boys?

Answer 12

9-14 years old

Question 13

What does TEMPO mean?

Answer 13

the RATE at which maturation occurs

Question 14

What are the tempo rates for girls and boys?

Answer 14

GIRLS= 1.5 - 6 yrs
BOYS= 2 - 5 yrs

Question 15

When does Adrenarche occur?

Answer 15

when the adrenal glands begin to occur

Question 16

What are some symptoms that might occur when adrenarche occurs?

Answer 16

• start feeling more attracted towards others
• body odor

Question 17

What system releases sex hormones?

Answer 17

HPG axis

Question 18

What does the HPG stand for?

Answer 18

hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal

Question 19

What is the adrenal gland sensitive to?

Answer 19

Stress

Question 20

What can stress do to the adrenal glands?

Answer 20

• it can increase the vulnerability to mental health disorders
• chronic cortisol leads to brain cell death

Question 21

What can happen to early maturers?

Answer 21

• Males have better emotional well-being but can engage in more risky behavior
• females associate with older peers
  - can be the target of social aggression for other females
  - greater risk of emotional difficulties, anxiety & depression

Question 22

What can happen to late maturers?

Answer 22

MALES
- at greater risk for peer victimization
- more likely to develop depression in adulthood

FEMALES
- more likely to continue education

Question 23

What happens during Gonadrache?

Answer 23

• the mature HPG axis begins to stimulate sex hormones to promote physical changes in puberty

Question 24

What chemical stimulates puberty?

Answer 24

Kisspeptin

Question 25

What protein is produced by fat cells?

Answer 25

- Leptin - increase of fat= increase of kisspeptin

Question 26

What is Psychological acceleration?

Answer 26

- Family & ecological stress can accelerate onset of pubertal development

Question 27

What are some examples of psychological acceleration?

Answer 27

- Warm relationships with family can delay pubertal onset - Stressful relationships increase puberty

Question 28

What happens to the body due to ESTROGEN?

Answer 28

- Menstruation - Breast & skeletal growth - weight gain

Question 29

What happens to the body with testosterone?

Answer 29

- testicles - voice - facial hair

Question 30

What are the Tanner stages?

Answer 30

- a widely used system that describes the 5 stages of pubertal development

Question 31

What occurs in tanner stages 1,3,5?

Answer 31

1. no change 2. continued growth 3. maturity

Question 32

What does parental investment predict puberty?

Answer 32

May influence female pubertal onset because they are sensitive to: - father's role in the family - mother's sexual attitudes

Question 33

What happens to the sisters during SIBLING X DYSFUNCTION interaction?

Answer 33

Younger sisters in families with SERIOUS dysfunction had significantly earlier menarche than siblings in other types of families

Question 34

What happens to the sisters during SIBLING X DISRUPTION interaction?

Answer 34

- younger siblings who experienced disruption had earlier menarche than older siblings WHY? - older siblings are going through puberty already before the dads left

Question 35

What happens during fast life history strategy?

Answer 35

promotes reproduction over growth

Question 36

What happens during slow life history strategy?

Answer 36

promotes growth over reproduction