Pulmo

Question 1

occur without clinically apparent lung disease, either spontaneously or from penetration of the intrapleural space by trauma

Answer 1

Primary pneumothoraces

age 15 years and older with a higher rate for males (20.8) than females

Question 2

happen in patients with underlying lung disease

Answer 2

Secondary p thoraces

Question 3

Risk factors for pneumothorax

Answer 3

cigarette smoking, 
male gender, 
mitral valve prolapse, 
Marfan’s syndrome, and 
changes in ambient pressure

Question 4

Causes of Secondary Pneumothorax

Answer 4

Airway disease

• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Asthma
• Cystic fibrosis (8%–20% will develop one in lifetime) Interstitial lung disease
• Sarcoidosis
• Pulmonary fibrosis
• Tuberous sclerosis Infection
• Human immunodeficiency virus infection, Pneumocystis pneumonia
• Tuberculosis
• Bacterial pneumonia, necrotizing
• Lung abscess

Connective tissue disease

• Marfan’s syndrome
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Scleroderma
• Rheumatoid arthritis Cancer
• Primary lung or metastatic disease Catamenial pneumothorax

Question 5

most common physical finding pneumothorax

Answer 5

Sinus tachycardia

Other classic (albeit uncommon) findings include ipsilateral decreased breath sounds, hyperresonance to percussion, and decreased or absent tactile fremitus

Question 6

tension pneumothorax s/sx

Answer 6

tracheal d tion away from the involved side, hyperresonance of the affected side, hypotension, and profound dyspnea