Q2: Data Collection Instruments

Question 1

It involves obtaining relevant information regarding the specified research questions or objectives.

Answer 1

data collection

Question 2

In collecting the data, the researcher must decide on the following questions:

Answer 2

1. Which data to collect?
2. How to collect the data?
3. Who will collect the data?
4. When to collect the data?

Question 3

True or False:

Qualitative research instruments comprise questionnaires, interviews, tests, and observation.

Answer 3

False

Quantitative research instruments comprise questionnaires, interviews, tests, and observation. On the other hand, qualitative research usually involve: (a) direct interaction with individuals on a one to one basis, (b) and/or direct interaction with individuals in a group setting.

Question 4

These are instruments that consists of a series of questions about a research topic to gather data from the participants.

Answer 4

questionnaire

Question 5

Questionnaire consists of ____________ that is aligned to the research questions.

Answer 5

indicators

Question 6

Differentiate survey and questionnaire

Answer 6

• Questionnaire: an instrument used to collect data
• Survey: a process of collecting, recording, and analyzing data.

Question 7

Describe the three types of structures of making a questionnaire

Answer 7

• Structured Questionnaire - closed-ended questions
• Unstructured Questionnaire - open-ended questions
• Semi-structured Questionnaire - combination of two

Question 8

2 Advantages of Using Questionnaire

Answer 8

1. Data can be quickly gathered from a big number of participants.
2. The participants are encouraged to be open to the researchers since their identity can be made anonymous.

Question 9

5 Disadvantages of Using Questionnaire

Answer 9

1. The questions can be interpreted differently by the participants.
2. Some participants will not be able to complete the required responses.
3. Some questionnaires will not be returned on time.
4. Some questionnaires will be lost.
5. The answers from participants may lack depth.

Question 10

These are instruments used for assessing various skills and types of behavior as well as for describing some characteristics.

Answer 10

tests

Question 11

Two Types of Test used in Quantitative Research

Answer 11

• Standardized test
• Non-standardized test

Question 12

Tests that is scored uniformly across different areas and groups.

Answer 12

Standardized test

Question 13

Tests that may not be scored uniformly. It is administered to a certain set of people.

Answer 13

Non-standardized test

Question 14

Types of Test Questions

Answer 14

• Recall Questions
• Recognition Questions
• Open-ended Questions

Question 15

Test questions that requires participants to retrieve information from memory.

Answer 15

recall questions

Question 16

Test questions that provides respondents to select from given choices the best or correct choice.

Answer 16

recognition questions

Question 17

Test questions that allows the respondents more freedom in their responses, expressing their thoughts and insights.

Answer 17

open-ended questions

Question 18

Types of Recall Questions

Answer 18

• Cloze Test
• Identification
• Enumeration

Question 19

Types of Recognition Questions

Answer 19

• Multiple Choice
• Matching
• Dichotomous

Question 20

Types of Open-ended Questions

Answer 20

• Non-performance based
• Performance based

Question 21

A method of collecting data about an individual’s behaviors, opinions, values, emotions, and demographic characteristics using numerical data.

Answer 21

quantitative interview

Question 22

True or False:

Quantitative interviews are useful when the target participants can’t answer a printed or encoded questionnaire (blind or uneducated).

Answer 22

True

Question 23

A method of collecting data which can be used in quantitative research when the data characteristics are quantitative in nature (e.g. length, width, height, weight, volume, area, temperature, cost, level, age, time, and speed).

Answer 23

observation

Question 24

________________ may lack participant validity and may be prone to the Hawthorne effect phenomenon.

Answer 24

observation

Question 25

Forms of Observation

Answer 25

* controlled observation * Natural observation * Participant observation

Question 26

# **Forms of Observation** It is usually used in experimental research and is done under a standard procedure.

Answer 26

controlled observation

Question 27

# **Forms of Observation** The procedure can be replicated, and the data are easier to analyze. The observer performs a non-participant role.

Answer 27

controlled observation

Question 28

# **Forms of Observation** It is carried out in a non-controlled setting. It has greater ecological validity.

Answer 28

natural observation

Question 29

The flexibility of the findings to be generalized to real-life contexts.

Answer 29

ecological validity

Question 30

# **Forms of Observation** It also responds to other areas of inquiry not initially intended by the researcher. Its major limitation is its strength to establish a causal relationship due to the presence of extraneous variables which can affect the behavior of the participants.

Answer 30

natural observation

Question 31

# **Forms of Observation** It allows the observer to become a member of the group or community that the participants belong to. It can be performed covertly or overtly.

Answer 31

participant observation

Question 32

# **Participant Observation** Difference between covertly and overtly

Answer 32

* **covertly** - participants are **not aware** of the purpose behind the observation. * **overtly** - participants **know** the intention or objectives of the observation

Question 33

Different Roles of a Researcher during a Participant Observation

Answer 33

* complete observer * observer as participant * participant as observer * complete participant

Question 34

# **Observational Role** Reseacher observes the spontaneous natural behavior of the participants with as few external factors affecting it as possible.

Answer 34

complete observer

Question 35

# **Observational Role** Researcher does not prioritize recording spontaneous or natural behavior with as few external factors affecting it as possible. The observer is known and recognized by the participants as part of their group or community but has limited interaction with them.

Answer 35

observer as participant

Question 36

# **Observational Role** Researcher does not primarily aim to capture spontaneous or natural behavior.

Answer 36

participant as observer

Question 37

# **Observational Role** Researcher is to observe the spontaneity or natural behavior of the participant with as few external factors affecting it as possible.

Answer 37

complete participant

Question 38

# **Observational Role** The observer is neither seen nor noticed by the participants. The participants are less prone to the Hawthorne effect.

Answer 38

complete observer

Question 39

# **Observational Role** The observer is considered a researcher and not a member of the group or community which is being investigated. However, the observer is fully engaged with the participants.

Answer 39

participant as observer