1
Q
-It refers to a person’s name written in the form of lines/strokes, usually in his or her handwriting.
- are put at the end of a legal instrument to show that it is valid and may serve as sign of acknowledgment.
A
SIGNATURE
2
Q
Illiterate persons often draw _____ or other symbol, attested by the signature of a witness
A
“X”
3
Q
TYPES OF SIGNATURES
A
- FORMAL / CONVENTIONAL / COPYBOOK FORM
- INFORMAL / CURSORY
- CARELESS SCRIBBLE
- STAMPED SIGNATURE
- THUMB PRINT
- SCANNED SIGNATURE
4
Q
- done by writing the full name which is readable. Others use this kind to acknowledge important documents, regardless of their design or kind.
A
- FORMAL / CONVENTIONAL SIGNATURE
5
Q
-May be done by writing the first name, surname or initials in a signature. This is a signature that may be used for documents that are less important in the operation of a firm.
A
INFORMAL / CURSORY SIGNATURE
6
Q
are signatures that cannot be read. It could be a symbol, composed lines, or writings that represent the person’s name or personality.
A
CARELESS SCRIBBLE
7
Q
this refers to the signature that was skillfully prepared as an imitation of the original signature, usually impressed on rubber stamp or similar items.
A
STAMPED SIGNATURE
8
Q
- may be used as a substitute to a signature for illiterate persons or to those literate but are incapable of writing their signature.
A
THUMB PRINT
9
Q
is an electronically prepared signature that may also be used as an e-signature.
A
SCANNED SIGNATURE
10
Q
CLASSES OF DISPUTED SIGNATURES
A
- Simple forgery or spurious signature
- Traced forgery
- Copied / simulated forgery
- Forged signature of fictitious persons
- Genuine signature
11
Q
- Forged signature where no attempt has been made to make a copy or facsimile of the genuine signature of the person purporting to have signed the document.
A
Simple forgery or spurious signature
12
Q
- This is commonly referred to as the forged signature which closely resembles a genuine signature since they have been produced by a tracing process.
A
Traced forgery
13
Q
Forged signature which resembles the genuine signature written freehand.
A
Copied / simulated forgery
14
Q
-is the act of blotting out and smearing over a letter, a word or a phrase found on a document.
A
OBLITERATION
15
Q
- It came from Latin obliterare meaning
A
remove letters
16
Q
- It came from Latin litera meaning
A
LETTER
17
Q
- is the act of putting some writings or entries in a document in place of another, or take the place of another.
A
SUBSTITUTION
18
Q
- It came from Latin word substituere meaning
A
set up under
19
Q
- the act of inserting words or groups of words, or figures between lines in a text or document.
A
INTERLINEATION
20
Q
- It came from the Latin term linea meaning
A
insert line or text
21
Q
- the act of inserting words or groups of words and figures in a line or along the line in a text of a document.
A
INTERCALATION
22
Q
- It came from Latin calare meaning
A
PROCLAIM
23
Q
KINDS OF FORGERY
A
- SIMPLE FORGERY (SPURIOUS SIGNATURE)
- SIMULATED FORGERY
- TRACED FORGERY
- CUT AND PASTE FORGERY
24
Q
- kind of forgery through digital or computer
A
CUT AND PASTE FORGERY
25
-an act of following the outline of a genuine signature with a writing instrument.
* Carbon Process
* Indentation Process
TRACED FORGERY
26
-the process of copying or imitating a genuine signature.
SIMULATED FORGERY
27
-the forger simply signs the name of another person without knowing the design or style of the genuine signature.
-He may sign the document in his handwriting or disguised handwriting. This is also known as FREEHAND FORGERY.
SIMPLE FORGERY (SPURIOUS SIGNATURE)
28
-refers to the situation where the forger has trouble in matching the paper, ink or writing materials to the exact date it was supposed to have been written.
ANACHRONISM
29
-refers to signatures executed while the writer’s hand on the arm is steadied in any way.
-Under the law, most jurisdictions such as a signature authenticates a legal document, provided it shows that the writer requested assistance.
GUIDED SIGNATURE
30
refers to “original” signatures executed by the writer in any document as a sign of acknowledgment.
GENUINE SIGNATURE
31
-refers to the style of writing where letters are compressed and lack freedom between letters.
RESTRAINED WRITING
32
-refers to writings which unusually extended where letters are written to deliberately change their handwriting.
-Also known as extended writing.
LOOSE WRITING
33
INDICATIONS OF FORGERY
1. EVIDENCE OF TRACING
2. PEN PRESSURE
3. HESITATIONS
4. RETOUCHING / RETRACING
5. PATCHING
6. ABSENCE OF SPONTANEITY
34
1. EVIDENCE OF TRACING
- can be detected through:
a. Microscopic Observation
b. Oblique Writing
c. Infrared Photography
d. Transmitted Light Examination
35
-the average of the writer’s pressure of the pen towards the paper.
PEN PRESSURE
36
-evidenced by the unnatural spread of ink in one part of a written character due to the stoppage of the pen of the writer.
HESITATIONS
37
-done by habitual retouching or superimposition of the lines of the stroke in a character (discussed earlier)
RETOUCHING / RETRACING
38
the act of going back over a defective written character
PATCHING
39
-the lack of smoothness of letters
ABSENCE OF SPONTANEITY
40
means to illegally imitate something. Counterfeit products are often produced with the intent to take advantage of the superior value of the imitated product.
Counterfeiting
41
is the making or copying of something, especially money, to defraud or deceive another. An offense for a person to make a counterfeit (fake) currency note or coin intending that he or another shall pass or tender it as genuine.
- includes forgeries of currency and documents.
COUNTERFETING
42
can be banknotes (paper money) and coins. There are lots of changes made by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) on our money.
PHILIPPINE MONEY
43
. Our paper money comprises of
80% Philippine Abaca and 20% Cotton.
44
PARTS OF A PHILIPPINE PAPER BILL
1. MAINPRINT
2. PORTRAIT
3. WATERMARK
4. METTALIC THREAD
5. COLORED FIBERS OR SECURITY FIBERS
6. LACEWORK DESIGN
7. COLOR OF EACH DENOMINATION
8. VIGNETTE
9. SERIAL NUMBERS
10. SEE-THROUGH MARK
11. CONCEALED VALUE
12. OPTICALLY VARIABLE DEVICE
13. OPTICALLY VARIABLE INK
45
-embossed dominational value at the lower right corner of the face of the bank note that changes color from Green to Blue when seen at different angles.
OPTICALLY VARIABLE INK
46
-the reflective foil that bears the image of the South Sea Pearl inside a clam and a small BSP logo. The color of the clam changes from Red to Green.
OPTICALLY VARIABLE DEVICE
47
-the denominational value that is superimposed on the smaller version portrait in the upper left side of the banknote. The value is obvious when the banknote is rotated 45 degrees and tilted down.
11. CONCEALED VALUE
48
-the word PILIPINO written in Baybayin (a pre-Spanish writing system) is seen in complete form when the banknote is seen against light.
SEE-THROUGH MARK
49
- composed of 1-2 letters and 6-7 figures that appear in both sides on the front
SERIAL NUMBERS
50
- these are lines and dots that compose the portrait.
* Genuine: The lines & dots are sharp. The varying color tone gives a bold look to the picture that makes it stands out of the paper.
VIGNETTE
51
- it is multi-colored that embellishes the portrait, value panels and vignette that is put in a vertical manner. It contains the amount of the paper bill that could be revealed more with ultraviolet light.
* Genuine: The geometric pattern which looks like a delicate lacework along the border on both surfaces, embellishing the portraits, value panel & vignettes are multicolored & composed of sharp lines which are continuous & traceable even at the joints.
LACEWORK DESIGN
52
-These are colored red and blue which are scattered on the surface of the paper (front and back) at random & can be readily picked off through any pointed instrument.
* Genuine: It has typical banknote crackle when agitated by the fingers.
COLORED FIBERS
OR
SECURITY FIBERS
53
-the threadlike in a bill
* Genuine: This is a special thread placed vertically on the paper during manufacture. On the surface of the paper where this thread is located are patterns of short vertical lines.
METTALIC THREAD
54
-a hidden image (located in the right white portion of the illustration below) of the national hero that is the same with the portrait appearing in the paper bill. This is revealed when the paper money is subjected to ultraviolet light.
* Genuine: The watermark underneath the security lacework on the right hand side of the note is the same on the colored portrait. Dandy roll is a wire cylinder used in paper manufacture to produce a watermark during the manufacture of the paper.
WATERMARK
55
-picture of the person.
* Genuine: Appears life-like. The eyes sparkle. The tiny dots and lines (vignette) forming the details of the face, hair, etc. are clear, sharp and well defined. Each portrait stands out distinctly from background. This is noticeable along the shoulders.
PORTRAIT
56
-This can be felt by our fingers due to its embossed effect.
* Genuine: The fingers will readily feel the main print on the front & back on fairly new notes. This is due to the measurable thickness of the ink deposited on the paper which gives the prints an embossed effect.
MAINPRINT or EMBOSSED PRINT
midterm
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