What happens when concentration increases?
The particles become more crowded.
How do we dilute solutions?
If we want to dilute a solution by a certain factor it will take up however many times that factor in volume.
How would we make a solution ten times more dilute from 1cm^3?
- Starting with 1, the end result would be 10 because that is ten times the amount
- Take the original amount away from the end amount, 10 - 1 = 9
- So we would need to add 9cm^3 of water
How do we convert cm^3 to dm^3 and vice versa?
- cm —> dm = /1000
- dm —> cm = X1000
What is the calculation for concentration?
Concentration = moles / volume
Moles = concentration X volume
Volume = moles / concentration
What would the number of moles be in a 0.1mol/dm^3 solution of 500cm^3?
- Units must always match so convert cm —> dm, 500/1000 = 0.5
- 0.5 X 0.1 = 0.05 moles
What is GDA?
Guideline daily amount in foods.
What are sodium ions essential for?
- Water balance
- Nerve response
What can too much sodium ions do?
Cause high bp and heart disease.
How do we calculate the sodium content from salt?
- NaCl = 23 + 35.5 = 58.5
- Therefore there are 23g of sodium per 58.5g of salt
- Therefore there is 1g of sodium in 58.5/23 = 2.5g of salt
- So the mass of salt is 2.5 times the mass of sodium
