Moles
mass / mr
atom economy
Mr of desired product / Mr of all the reactants
Percentage yield
Actual mass of products / Theoretical mass
Vol. of Gas
Number of moles x 24
Percentage Mass
Ar x number of atoms of element / Mr of compound
Empirical Formulae
Calculate moles then find simplest ratio
Carbonate
CO3 2-
Hydroxide Ion
OH-
Sulphate Ion
So4 2-
Nitrate Ion
NO3 -
Phosphate Ion
PO4 3-
Ammonium Ion
NH4 +