1
Q
Approximately how many gallons of blood pass through the udder for each gallon of milk produced? A 400-500 gallons B 300-400 gallons C 100-200 gallons D 200-300 gallons
A
A 400-500 gallons
2
Q
2What percentage of whole milk is fat when compared on a dry matter basis? A About 50 percent B Exactly 100 percent C About 25 percent D About 10 percent
A
C About 25 percent
3
Q
All milking equipment must be sanitized: A Weekly B Daily C Monthly D After each use
A
D After each use
4
Q
When doing classification scoring, a cow given the numerical value of 85-89.9 is classified as: A Poor B Excellent C Fair D Very good
A
D Very good
5
Q
A Babcock test may be used to measure the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ % of milk. A Somatic cell count B Protein C Beta carotene D Fat
A
D Fat
6
Q
The breed of dairy cow generally credited with producing the highest % of both milk fat and protein is the: A Jersey B Aryshire C Holstein D Brown Swiss
A
A Jersey
7
Q
Blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart are called: A Veins B Capillaries C Arteries D Lymphes
A
C Arteries
8
Q
What manure waste management method runs manure across a press and squeezes the water out? A Lagoon B Solids removal C Slurry D Liquid
A
B Solids removal
9
Q
The portion of the ruminant digestive system which consists of many folds of tissue is the: A Gizzard B Abomasum C Reticulum D Omasum
A
D Omasum
10
Q
Milking time is best reduced by: A Speeding up pulsators B Increasing vacuum C Decreasing vacuum D Preparing cows properly
A
D Preparing cows properly
11
Q
Many dairies place bands on their cows necks or feet, with black boxes containing electronic I.D.,
production, and management information. These units are called:
A Black boxes
B Transponders
C I boxes
D Foot drives
A
B Transponders
12
Q
The rumen of a cow is located: A Along the top of an animal B Left side of the body C Right side of the body D Rear of the animal
A
B Left side of the body
13
Q
Endocrinology is the science dealing with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ . A The lymphatic system B Carbohydrates C Lipids D Hormones
A
D Hormones
14
Q
Rotary Parlors or Carousel milk barns have the advantage of being \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when compared to other type barns. A Faster B More Versatile C Cheaper D Safer
A
A Faster
15
Q
Which dairy breed has a restriction for disallowing black markings? A Jersey B Ayrshire C Milking Shorthorn D Guernsey
A
C Milking Shorthorn
16
Q
A bovine female which has not had a calf is a: A Filly B Gilt C Pullet D Heifer
A
D Heifer
17
Q
At how many days can pregnancy be detected by palpation? A Before 14 days B Between 60 and 95 days C Between 40 to 55 days D Between 14 and 35 days
A
D Between 14 and 35 days
18
Q
What is another term for the lowest lateral regions of the abdomen, near the groin? A Abomasum B Inguinal C Gubernaculum D Dorsal
A
B Inguinal
19
Q
What are structural carbohydrates made of? A Lignin, sucrose, and cellulose B Cellulose, fructose, and saccharin C Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin D Cellulose, hemicellulose, lactose
A
C Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin
20
Q
What is NAFTA? A North American Forage Trade Association B North American Free Trade Agreement C North African Free Trade Association D North American Free Trade Association
A
B North American Free Trade Agreement
21
Q
Dry cows need 0.8 percent K in their diet. What element is K? A Calcium B Potassium C Phosphorus D Lead
A
B Potassium
22
Q
What is the reasonable score for body condition at mid-lactation? A 1 B 4.5 C 2 D 3
A
D 3
23
Q
Where are structural carbohydrates found in the plant? A In the cell nucleus B In the cell organelles C In the cell membrane D In the cell wall
A
D In the cell wall
24
Q
The hormone BST is given to dairy cows: A After 200 days of lactation B In the first 45 days of lactation C 100-199 days after calving D Right before the dry period
A
A After 200 days of lactation
25
```
Milk with over ________ somatic cell count cannot legally be shipped in the United States?
A 500,000
B 400,000
C 750,000
D 200,000
```
B 400,000
26
```
A mutation where a calf is born with a single toe on one or more feet is called
A Cloven-hoof
B Single-foot
C Ungulate Toe
D Mule-foot
```
D Mule-foot
27
```
When discussing feed mixers, what is the range of manufacturers recommended mixing times?
A 7-9 minutes
B 1-2 minutes
C 3-6 minutes
D 10-15 minutes
```
C 3-6 minutes
28
One form of biological pest management is a predator insect, that can be bought and released to help
control flies at a dairy. Which of these is NOT true about these predators:
A They are shipped during their papal stage and begin to control flies ones adults
B They attack the flies at the egg stage
C They are FDA approved for mass release
D They may be bothersome to livestock and other animals
D They may be bothersome to livestock and other animals
29
```
Which body part is located more towards the front of the animal?
A Flank
B Stifle
C Switch
D Tail head
```
A Flank
30
```
What does GnRH stand for?
A Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
B Genotype Reflection Hormone
C Gestation Repression Hormone
D Genuine Recessive Hormone
```
A Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
31
```
What is Milk Fever paresis caused by?
A Low blood levels of ionized vitamin-D
B Low blood levels of ionized calcium
C Low blood levels of ionized sodium
D Low blood levels of ionized zinc
```
B Low blood levels of ionized calcium
32
```
When evaluating dairy rations what do the letters NE stand for?
A Net Energy
B Non Edible
C Non Essential
D Net Equivalence
```
A Net Energy
33
```
What is a cation?
A A positively charged electron
B A negatively charged ion
C A negatively charged electron
D A positively charged ion
```
D A positively charged ion
34
```
Neospora caninum is a major cause of what in pregnant cows?
A Abortion
B Nutrition deficiency
C Parturition
D Chronic diarrhea
```
A Abortion
35
```
The typical lactation curve shows a dairy cow reaching her peak production about ________ days into
the lactation cycle.
A 50-70 days
B 20-30 days
C 120-180 days
D 5-10 days
```
A 50-70 days
36
```
What percent of the cows feed intake is consumed during the daylight hours?
A 70%
B 50%
C 90%
D 65%
```
A 70%
37
```
The letters FSIS stand for what?
A Food Safety and Inspection Service
B Food Service and Inspection Safety
C Food Sanitation and Inquiry Service
D Free State Inspection Service
```
A Food Safety and Inspection Service
38
Many dairymen dock the tail on their cows much to the chagrin of Animals Rights groups. They believe
this is necessary to:
A Avoid injury to their milk hands
B Prevent the accidental, early detachment of the milking unit
C Insure the milking unit can be properly attached
D Reduce the incidence of mastitis
D Reduce the incidence of mastitis
39
```
PTAT stands for what?
A Progeny Testing At Time
B Predicted Transmitting Ability-Type
C Predicted Transforming Ability-Type
D Progeny Transforming Ability-Type
```
B Predicted Transmitting Ability-Type
40
```
Jersey cattle are characterized by having a ________ face:
A Mottled face
B Long face
C Dished face
D Masculine face
```
C Dished face
41
Dairy rations, especially those for high producing cows, may be buffered to maintain a desirable rumen
ph. The most common buffering agent for this is:
A Magnesium
B Sulfates
C Sodium Bicarbonate
D Calcium
C Sodium Bicarbonate
42
```
Name the three common places Coliforms are found.
A Mud, water, and blood
B Mud, water, and manure
C Laboratories, hospitals, and offices
D Milk, mucus, and water
```
B Mud, water, and manure
43
```
High potassium intake will decrease a cows ability to mobilize what?
A Bone phosphorus
B Immunoglobulins
C Bone calcium
D Lymphocytes
```
C Bone calcium
44
```
What does NFO stand for?
A National Food Organization
B National Farmers Organization
C National Feed Organization
D National Farmers Order
```
B National Farmers Organization
45
```
As a rule of thumb when milk production ________ , the milk fat content ________ .
A Stops, increases
B Decreases, decreases
C Increases, increases
D Decreases, increases
```
D Decreases, increases
46
```
What trait with the only positive genetic correlation to milk production?
A Dairy character
B Body capacity
C Feet and legs
D Udder
```
A Dairy character
47
```
In what year did the Holstein Association start its program of recording carriers of Undesirable
Recessive Traits?
A 1974
B 1986
C 1969
D 1957
```
D 1957
48
```
The standard length of the dry period in dairy cattle is ________ ?
A 100 days
B 30 days
C 60 days
D 283 days
```
C 60 days
49
When discussing lactation records, what does the term fat corrected milk mean?
A Fat has been added to the milk to the correct level
B The lactation record has an average amount of milk fat
C Fat has been extracted from the milk to the correct level
D Lactation records have been adjusted to the same milk fat percentage
D Lactation records have been adjusted to the same milk fat percentage
50
```
This vitamin plays a role in the coagulation of blood:
A Vitamin B12
B Vitamin C
C Vitamin A
D Vitamin K
```
D Vitamin K
51
```
Dairy Management Inc. introduced the ________ social media program for dairy advocates?
A Dairy goddess
B Dairy farming today
C myDairy
D Facebook
```
C myDairy
52
```
98% of somatic cells are:
A Lymph nodes
B Plasma
C Red blood cells
D Leukocytes
```
D Leukocytes
53
```
Where are degradable proteins broken down?
A Rumen
B Abomasum
C Omasum
D Reticulum
```
A Rumen
54
Allelomimetic behavior is defined as:
A The tendency for animals to produce young with the characteristics of their parents
B The tendency for animals to flee
C The tendency for animals to separate from the herd
D The tendency for a group of animals to do the same thing at the same time
D The tendency for a group of animals to do the same thing at the same time
55
Protein is a combination of amino acids. The amino acids are unique among compounds involved in
nutrition because they contain what element?
A Copper
B Calcium
C Nitrogen
D Phosphorous
C Nitrogen
56
```
What does NSC stand for?
A Nonstructural Carbons
B Nonstructural Carbohydrates
C Nitrogen Substitute Calories
D Nitrogen Standard Calculation
```
B Nonstructural Carbohydrates
57
```
What hormone is responsible for maintaining pregnancy?
A Oxytocin
B Progesterone
C Lutalyse
D Prostaglandin
```
B Progesterone
58
```
According to the NRC, what percent calcium should a dry cow ration contain?
A 2 percent
B .39 percent
C 10 percent
D 1 percent
```
B .39 percent
59
```
What is intravenous injection?
A It is administered intradermal
B It is administered via the blood vessels
C It is administered in the muscle
D It is administered under the skin
```
B It is administered via the blood vessels
60
```
A perfect score for a cow according to the Dairy Cow Unified Score Card is:
A 100
B 500
C 50
D 1000
```
A 100
61
```
Some Texas dairymen are placing Bermuda and/or corn forage into ________ for fermentation and silage
production.
A Long Metal Trays
B Large Horizontal Cement Pipes
C Large Plastic Bags
D 4'X4'X8'bales
```
C Large Plastic Bags
62
```
Milk traits, i.e. fat, protein, SNF and etc., tend to have a heritability of about:
A 51% or more
B 40-50%
C 20-30%
D 10% or less
```
C 20-30%
63
```
Dairy cows need roughage to concentrate ratio of approximately ________ to maintain the desired fat
content in the milk.
A 60/40
B 40/60
C 25/75
D 50/50
```
B 40/60
64
```
A disease causing air bubbles under the skin and usually results in rapid death is ________ .
A Milk fever
B Hardware disease
C Vibriosis
D Black leg
```
D Black leg
65
How is a dairy's RHA calculated?
A By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow years in the
herd this year.
B By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow
years in the herd last year.
C By adding the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days to the total number of cow years in the
herd last year.
D By multiplying the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by total number cow years in the
herd this year
B By dividing the total amount of milk produced in the past 365 days by the total number of cow
years in the herd last year.
66
```
The two main problems that effect reproduction are:
A Heat detection and heat stress
B Heat detection and conception rates
C Heat detection and cold stress
D Heat detection and ovarian cancer
```
B Heat detection and conception rates
67
```
Which hormone produced by the uterus causes regression of the corpus luteum?
A LH
B FSH
C PGF
D GnRH
```
C PGF
68
```
According to recent USDA surveys, what is the most popular age to wean dairy calves?
A 7 weeks
B 9 weeks
C 4 weeks
D 2 weeks
```
B 9 weeks
69
```
When using a body condition scoring system of 1 to 5, what does a score of 5 mean?
A Below average body condition
B Average body condition
C Extremely fat
D Extremely thin
```
C Extremely fat
70
Quality forage is critical for a cow's milk production. Many people evaluate hay based upon its green
color; others think the color is a poor indication of nutrient composition. However, green colored hay is
generally considered to have a higher ________ content than more bleached out colored forage.
A Net Energy
B Vitamin B3
C Beta-carotene
D Total Digestibility Nutrients
C Beta-carotene
71
```
Fear can disrupt milk letdown in a cow. The hormone released that causes this disruption is:
A Progesterone
B Prostaglandin
C Oxytocin
D Epinephrine
```
D Epinephrine
72
What state agency regulates waste management?
A Texas Health Commission
B Texas Animal Health Commission
C Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
D Environmental Preservation Agency
C Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
73
```
A free martin is considered a
A Sterile bull born twin to a heifer
B Sterile heifer born twin to a bull
C Virgin heifer that has not yet been bred
D Cow that has just weaned a calf
```
B Sterile heifer born twin to a bull
74
Dairy Farmers frequently place a stomach magnet into their cows to:
A Prevent ingested metal objects from interfering with the digestive tract or the respiratory system
B Prevent arthritis from settling in the hock and knee joints
C Improve the absorption of iron when the cows are drinking soft water
D Help improve the mineral content of the milk
A Prevent ingested metal objects from interfering with the digestive tract or the respiratory system
75
```
Which of the following is a compartment of the dairy cow's stomach?
A Ileum
B Jejunum
C Abomasum
D Duodenum
```
C Abomasum
76
Normal presentation of a calf for parturition will have:
A Buttocks of the calf toward rear of the cow with all 4 legs and head facing down
B Hind legs towards rear of the cow with head and front legs facing down
C Front feet toward rear of the cow with head, nose first, between them
D One front leg towards rear of the cow along side head, other front leg down
C Front feet toward rear of the cow with head, nose first, between them
77
```
What is the average production lifetime of a dairy cow?
A 20 years
B 10 years
C 6 months
D 3 years
```
D 3 years
78
```
What numerical value does a Holstein cow get when given the classification good?
A 85-89.9
B 90-100
C <70
D 75-79.9
```
D 75-79.9
79
```
What is a TMR to a dairy person?
A Typical Managed Ration
B Texas Milk Requirement
C Time Management Recommendation
D Total Mixed Ration
```
D Total Mixed Ration
80
```
Cattle grazing stressed on wilted hybrid sorghum/Johnson grass type pasture, may die as a result of
________ .
A Nutrient starvation
B Intestinal tract abrasions
C Nutrient overload
D Prussic acid poisoning
```
D Prussic acid poisoning
81
```
What percent of milk is water?
A 50 percent
B 87 percent
C 93 percent
D 82 percent
```
B 87 percent
82
```
What is the scientific term for birth?
A Calving
B Dystocia
C Parturition
D Delivery
```
C Parturition
83
```
What is the sex chromosome configuration of a male calf?
A XY
B YY
C XX
D FX
```
A XY
84
```
How many days into a pregnancy can a fetus be sexed by ultrasound?
A Before 14 days
B Between 40 and 50 days
C Between 14 and 30 days
D After 55 days
```
D After 55 days
85
```
Which one of the following is the name of the part of the cow's back that lies between the withers and
the loin?
A Poll
B Thurl
C Chine
D Rump
```
C Chine
86
```
A dairy cow that has all 8 permanent incisor teeth can be considered to be a minimum of ________ old.
A 3 years
B 2 years
C 4 years
D 1 year
```
C 4 years
87
```
How often will HACCP inspect each Dairy Farm?
A A minimum of every 2 years
B A minimum of once each year
C A minimum of every 6 months
D A minimum of once each month
```
C A minimum of every 6 months
88
```
Which dairy breed originated in the central part of the European continent?
A Guernsey
B Milking Shorthorn
C Ayrshire
D Brown Swiss
```
D Brown Swiss
89
```
One ejaculation from a bull typically contains ________ sperm
A 1,000,000
B 50,000,000
C 500,000
D 5,000,000
```
D 5,000,000
90
```
Bulk tanks must be emptied and cleaned every ________ hours.
A 120
B 84
C 72
D 48
```
D 48
91
```
The two U.S. dairy breeds that originated in the Channel Islands off the coast of France are:
A Ayrshire and Milking Shorthorn
B Guernsey and Jersey
C Jersey and Holstein
D Milking Shorthorn and Guernsey
```
B Guernsey and Jersey
92
```
The hormone ________ stimulates milk let down and may be administered via injection, when necessary
after parturition.
A Estrogen
B Oxytocin
C Progesterone
D BovaTec
```
B Oxytocin
93
```
A dairy expects to cull approximately ________ % of their herd each year.
A 10
B 70
C 50
D 25-30
```
D 25-30
94
```
What kinds of relationship do cattle and the microorganisms in their rumen share?
A Symbiotic
B Parasitic
C A-Biotic
D Electrostatic
```
A Symbiotic
95
```
What are the two types of ovarian cysts?
A follicular and horn
B follicular and ovum
C ovum and luteal
D follicular and luteal
```
D follicular and luteal
96
```
In the ruminant digestive system, which to the following is the name of first section of the small intestine that is connected to the abomasum?
A Jejunum
B Ileum
C Duodenum
D Omasum
```
C Duodenum
97
```
Which mineral is found in high concentrations in soft tissues such as the pancreas, liver, and kidney?
A Selenium
B Sodium
C Zinc
D Sulfur
```
C Zinc
98
```
What mineral is necessary for hemoglobin formation?
A Zinc
B Copper
C Selenium
D Iodine
```
B Copper
99
```
What do the letters EU stands for?
A Eastern Understanding
B European Union
C European Underline
D Eastern Union
```
B European Union
100
```
The rumen of a mature cow will hold approximately:
A 20 gallons
B 10 gallons
C 5 gallons
D 40 gallons
```
D 40 gallons
101
```
What is the classification for a Holstein cow given the numerical value of less than 70?
A Good plus
B Poor
C Good
D Fair
```
B Poor
102
```
One of the highest heritability traits for milk is:
A Total solids
B % Protein
C Volume
D Milking Rate
```
B % Protein
103
```
When referring to vaccinations, what do the letters MLV stand for?
A Model Linked Viruses
B Modified Live Virus
C Modified Limited Vaccine
D Milk Line Vaccination
```
B Modified Live Virus
104
```
What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
A Cobalt
B Iodine
C Calcium
D Copper
```
C Calcium
105
What combines the Predicted Transmitting Ability for protein, fat, type and udder composite index and
ranks the animal on its ability to transmit a balance of these four traits
A Herd Type Production Index
B Total Production Index
C Pedigree Type Production Index
D Type Production Index
B Total Production Index
106
```
What is the largest cost on most U.S. dairy farms?
A Fuel
B Veterinary fees
C Labor
D Feed
```
D Feed
107
```
Pest Predators will travel up to ________ yards to find their food source (fly pupae).
A 80
B 50
C 40
D 60
```
A 80
108
```
________ is a compound that is fermented for flavor in buttermilk and sour cream.
A Citrate
B Phosphatase
C Lactose
D Glucose
```
A Citrate
109
```
Milk fever is also (scientifically) known as what?
A Mamogenesis
B Postpartum paresis
C Masticular Paresis
D Parturient paresis
```
D Parturient paresis
110
```
In which breed of cow is the incidence of milk fever most common?
A Jersey
B Guernsey
C Brown Swiss
D Ayrshire
```
A Jersey
111
```
Dairy heifers need to be bred at ________ of age assuming they are at least 65% of their adult weight at
that time.
A 6 months
B 18 months
C 15 months
D 12 months
```
C 15 months
112
```
When a small metal object punctures the stomach wall and causes an infection, the resulting disease is
called ________ .
A Black leg
B Hardware disease
C Mastitis
D Milk fever
```
B Hardware disease
113
```
To dairymen, the most harmful disease impacting milk production and their economic bottom line is:
A BUV
B Mastitis
C BSE
D Vibriosis
```
B Mastitis
114
```
Parallel milk barns typically have several cows on each side. The cows are arranged in a ________
fashion in this barn.
A Slanted
B Head to tail
C Diagonal
D Side by side (head out)
```
D Side by side (head out)
115
```
Colostrum has approximately ________ calcium, as does regular milk.
A Four Times
B Three Times
C Two Times
D The Same
```
C Two Times
116
```
What do the letters FARAD stand for?
A Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank
B Food Animal Residue Avoidance Data
C Food Animal Resistance Activity Database
D Food Animal Resistance Activity Data
```
A Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank
117
```
Heart girth measurements of cows may be used to estimate:
A Calving date
B Age
C Milk production
D Body weight
```
D Body weight
118
```
If the heat detection rate is 30% and the conception rate is 30%, what is the pregnancy rate?
A 9%
B 60%
C 30%
D 15%
```
A 9%
119
```
What is the USDEC?
A United States Dairy Export Center
B United States Dairy Export Council
C United States Dairy Export Company
D United States Dairy Export Corporation
```
B United States Dairy Export Council
120
```
The annual sale of dairy semen exceeds ________ straws.
A 20,000,000
B 500,000
C 1,000,000
D 10,000,000
```
A 20,000,000
121
```
After insemination, how long do sperm live in the cow's reproductive tract?
A 20 minutes
B 6 hours
C 2 days
D 24 hours
```
D 24 hours
122
```
Feeding bulky feeds during the dry period and gradually bringing fresh cows back on grain are ways to
prevent:
A Displaced abomasum
B Mastitis
C Ketosis
D Milk fever
```
A Displaced abomasum
123
```
Which dairy breed's milk is golden-yellow in color?
A Ayrshire
B Jersey
C Guernsey
D Milking shorthorn
```
C Guernsey
124
The circulatory system of a dairy cow is very important to milk production. A dairy cow must circulate
about ________ blood for each pound of milk produced.
A 50 pounds
B 400 pounds
C 200 pounds
D 8 pounds
B 400 pounds
125
```
At what isoelectric point (point at which proteins have net zero charge) do caseins precipitate?
A pH 4.6
B pH 5.2
C pH 8.1
D pH 7.5
```
A pH 4.6
126
```
A calf's birth weight is approximately ________ % of its' mature weight.
A 20
B 1
C 10
D 5
```
D 5
127
```
Most dairies in Texas are considered to be CAFO's. A CAFO is:
A Concentrated Animal Farming Operation
B Confined Animal Feeding Operation
C Confined Animal Farming Operation
*D Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
```
D Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
128
```
In reference to reproduction, what does CL stand for?
A Cattle Lutalysis
B Compound Lepto
C Cervix Lymphocyte
D Corpus Luteum
```
D Corpus Luteum
129
```
A material used in a footbath for cows with foot rot problems is:
A Copper sulfate
B Sodium chloride
C Monosodium phosphate
D Calcium carbonate
```
A Copper sulfate
130
```
What structural carbohydrate component makes older plants less digestible than younger plants?
A Cellulose
B Sucrose
C Lignin
D Fructrose
```
C Lignin
131
```
BST is the acronym for what compound?
A Bovine Special Tinticure
B Black Sodium Tapestry
C Barn Somatotropin
D Bovine Somatotropin
```
D Bovine Somatotropin
132
The major advantage of a "low-line" milk line as compared to the older "high- line" is:
A It is easier to dump waste milk
B You don't hit it with your head while walking
C It has a lower vacuum requirement
D It can be a smaller I.D., so it is cheaper
C It has a lower vacuum requirement
133
```
Dairy cattle where first successfully cloned in the ________ .
A 1980's
B 1950's
C 2000's
D 1880's
```
C 2000's
134
Dairy cows produce milk that is relatively high in B complex vitamins. Because they are ruminants:
A Vitamin A will be converted to the Vitamin B complex in the rumen
B Vitamin D will be converted into the Vitamin B complex in the rumen
C It is necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex
D It is not necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex
D It is not necessary to supplement the intake of Vitamin B complex
135
```
Abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy is often caused by ________ .
A Brucellosis
B Bovine virus diarrhea
C Milk fever
D Hardware disease
```
A Brucellosis
136
```
When comparing bulls for artificial insemination, what does "SCR" stand for?
A Sperm conception rate
B Service conception rate
C Sire conception rate
D Sibling conception rate
```
C Sire conception rate
137
Manure management is a major concern for most modern, large-scale dairies. The newest management
techniques being used involve:
A Collecting the methane gas being produced and using it as an energy source on the dairy
B Storing the manure in lagoons until it is applied to fields as irrigation water and nutrients
C Manure management is NOT a problem since we all know this is a natural process
D Scraping into huge piles and drying before it is shipped offsite
A Collecting the methane gas being produced and using it as an energy source on the dairy
138
What are the four composite indexes calculated by the Holstein Association?
A Udder, feet and legs, body color, & dairy character
B Teats, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character
C Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy quality
D Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character
D Udder, feet and legs, body form, & dairy character
139
```
What percent non-fiber carbohydrate should a ration contain for high producing cows?
A 35 to 40 percent
B 56 to 61 percent
C 10 to 20 percent
D 22 to 27 percent
```
A 35 to 40 percent
140
```
Cows treated with BST typically show an increase in milk production of:
A 50%
B 25%
C 10%
D 2%
```
C 10%
141
```
Recent research traits have shown that dairy cows prefer to be milked ________ times/day if they are
able to choose.
A Four or more times
B Three times
C One
D Two
```
A Four or more times
142
What does the term freshen mean in relation to dairy production?
A To stop producing milk
B To give birth
C Exhibits signs of extreme agitation or freshness
D To become pregnant
B To give birth
143
```
A dairy cow that has her feet too far forward (under her belly) is said to be:
A Splay footed
B Post legged
C Cow hocked
D Sickle hocked
```
D Sickle hocked
144
```
Milk sugars are not very soluble. Some people have difficulty hydrolyzing them in their bodies. This
problem is called ________ .
A Lactose intolerance
B Lactose irritability
C Lactose indigestibility
D Lactose adjustment
```
A Lactose intolerance
145
```
What should the pH of a "close up" Holstein's urine be?
A Between 2.0 and 3.0
B Between 1.0 and 2.0
C Between 6.0 and 6.5
D Between 11.0 and 12.0
```
C Between 6.0 and 6.5
146
```
Milk that is low in SCC has more casein, which is a primary component in ________ ?
A Butter
B Cream
C Cheese
D Milk
```
C Cheese
147
```
What are two methods for shortening udder hair?
A Singeing and waxing
B Clipping and singeing
C Clipping and straight razor shaving
D Electrolysis and waxing
```
B Clipping and singeing
148
```
Which of the following is the most popular type of cheese in the United States?
A Cheddar
B Mozzarella
C Colby
D Swiss
```
A Cheddar
149
```
When examining feed rations, what do the letters NDF stand for?
A Normal Detergent Fiber
B Neutral Directing Fiber
C Normally Digestible Fiber
D Neutral Detergent Fiber
```
D Neutral Detergent Fiber
150
```
Which of the compartments of a cow's four-compartment stomach acts as the true stomach?
A Reticulum
B Omasum
C Rumen
D Abomasum
```
D Abomasum
151
What are ways to avoid milk fever in cows?
A Feeding low-potassium hay and/or silage to dry cows
B Fasting dry cows two weeks before calving
C Both feeding low-potassium hay and/or silage to dry cows AND adding anionic salts to the dry cow ration
D Adding anionic salts to the dry cow ration
C Both feeding low-potassium hay and/or silage to dry cows AND adding anionic salts to the dry cow ration
152
A dairyman may milk in a rapid exit barn. This simply means that:
A The barn has NO individual milking stalls but has long hoses allowing the milkers to be placed on the cow
wherever she is standing in the barn
B The barn has NO sidewalls and this allows all the cows access to the outside immediately upon release
C The cows leave the milkers via an alley wide enough to allow 2 or more cows side by side
D The barn was constructed with adequate exits to facilitate safe removal of all cows in the event of a fire
C The cows leave the milkers via an alley wide enough to allow 2 or more cows side by side
153
```
An average Holstein cow should give ________ pounds per day for each lactation.
A 400
B 50
C 8.5
D 165
```
B 50
154
```
How much water can a lactating cow consume in one day?
A 5 gallons
B 25 gallons
C 15 gallons
D 35 gallons
```
B 25 gallons
155
```
HTST is a ________
A Pasteurizing system
B Milking parlor design
C Breed of dairy cow
D Genetic Marker in Holstein Cattle
```
A Pasteurizing system
156
```
What pathway in young calves directs milk into the abomasum, bypassing the rumen, reticulum, and
omasum?
A Rumen passinomis
B Masticulas passinomis
C Esophageal groove
D Rumen bypass groove
```
C Esophageal groove
157
```
The first feeding of colostrum should equal about ________ percent of the calf's body weight?
A 10
B 2
C 1
D 5
```
D 5
158
```
Body condition scores from 1 to 5 are used to track herd health and nutrition. Dry cows should have a body score from:
A 2.0-2.5
B 2.5-3.0
C 3.5-4.0
D 0.5-1.0
```
C 3.5-4.0
159
```
What percent of crude protein should a calf starter be?
A 6-8
B 10-12
C 16-18
D 22-24
```
C 16-18
160
```
Which reproductive condition results when the fetal membranes remain within the uterus for an
extended period following parturition?
A Retained ovum
B Ruptured follicle
C Retained placenta
D Prolapsed uterus
```
C Retained placenta
161
```
In a cow, where would you find an alveolus?
A Skin
B Udder
C Intestine
D Brain
```
B Udder
162
```
What is the name of the term for a farm's unique identification number that is part of the National Animal
Identification System?
A Zip Code
B RFID
C Registration ID
D Premis ID
```
D Premis ID
163
```
What machine is used to determine if water has been added to milk?
A Acme Milk Saver
B Antioscope
C Water Monitor
D Cryoscope
```
D Cryoscope
164
```
________ represents the largest daily input cost in producing milk.
A Animals
B Labor
C Feed
D Water
```
C Feed
165
```
The number one reason for culling in U.S. dairy herds is:
A Mastitis
B Age
C Reproductive failure
D Lameness
```
C Reproductive failure
166
```
After a bulk tank is washed and rinsed, beading of water droplets is a sign of ________ .
A Protein residue
B pH buffer residue
C Milk residue
D Fat residue
```
D Fat residue
167
```
What is the hormone that causes Uterine contractions to assist in parturition?
A Progesterone
B Estrogen
C Prostaglandin
D Oxytocin
```
D Oxytocin
168
```
Which part of the digestive tract is responsible for absorbing excess water?
A Omasum
B Small intestines
C Rumen
D Large intestines
```
D Large intestines
169
```
The portion of the ruminant digestive system which is known as and functions as the ³true´stomach is the:
A Abomasum
B Omasum
C Proventriculus
D Reticulum
```
A Abomasum
170
```
Which one of the following describes biotin?
A An amino acid
B A source of energy
C A B-Vitamin
D A trace mineral
```
C A B-Vitamin
171
```
How many days after parturition should you wait before breeding a cow back?
A 120 days
B 365 days
C 10 days
D 60 days
```
D 60 days
172
Texas dairies normally must be permitted by the ________ before they begin operations.
A Environmental Protection Agency
B Texas Farm Bureau
C Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
D Dairy Herd Improvement Association
C Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
173
Research has shown that by formulating lactating cow rations with proper amounts of certain amino
acids, we can decrease the crude protein content of the ration and reduce ________ ?
A Phosphorus
B Nitrogen excretion
C Acidosis
D Bloat
B Nitrogen excretion
174
```
The topline of a cow is made up of the:
A Loin and chine
B Loin and stifle
C Chine and flank
D Chine and stifle
```
A Loin and chine
175
```
What does NFDM stand for?
A New Federal Dairy Mandate
B National Forum of Dairy Milkers
C Nonfat Dairy Milk
D Nonfat Dry Milk
```
D Nonfat Dry Milk
176
```
Which one of the following is the largest dairy milk marketing cooperative in the U.S.?
A California Dairies
B Dairy Farmers of America (DFA)
C Maryland and Virginia Milk Producers
D Land O' Lakes
```
B Dairy Farmers of America (DFA)
177
```
What is the USDA's AIPL?
A Animal Improvement Program Library
B Animal Import Program Liability
C Animal Import Processing Language
D Animal Improvement Program Lab
```
D Animal Improvement Program Lab
178
```
When discussing nutrition, what does NPN stand for?
A Natural protein nitrogen
B Nonprotein nitrogen
C Normal protein nitrogen
D Neutral protein nitrogen
```
B Nonprotein nitrogen
179
```
On average, how many weeks after freshening does a cow's dry matter intake peak?
A 12-14 weeks
B 2-4 weeks
C 1-2 weeks
D 40-42 weeks
```
A 12-14 weeks
180
```
Milk let down in a dairy cow may be stimulated by:
A Stressing the cow
B Electric shock applied to the cow
C Feeding the cow
D Hollering at the cow
```
C Feeding the cow
181
```
Cheddar cheese accounts for ________ % of American type cheeses made in the U.S.
A 78
B 65
C 80
D 72
```
C 80
182
```
Generally, high-producing Holsteins eat ________ pounds of dry matter per day?
A 10-20
B 45-55
C 25-30
D 75-100
```
B 45-55
183
```
What does the acronym IPM stands for?
A International pest management
B Internal pest management
C Integrated pest management
D Insect Problem Management
```
C Integrated pest management
184
```
In dairy cows, what is the name of the disease caused by the organisms Staph Aureus, Strep Uberis, and Klebsiella?
A Listerosis
B Mastitis
C Metritis
D Brucellois
```
B Mastitis
185
```
What does BVD stand for?
A Bovine Viral Diarrhea
B Bovine Viral Disease
C Bovine Viral Distress
D Bovine Viral Defecation
```
A Bovine Viral Diarrhea
186
```
When is the best time to feed anionic salts to dairy cows?
A Immediately after calving
B The day before calving
C Two weeks prior to calving
D While the cow is calving
```
C Two weeks prior to calving
187
```
What bacterium causes Johne's disease in cattle?
A E-Coli.
B Colostridium
C Johne's Virus
D Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis
```
D Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis
188
```
What is the USAHA?
A U S Animal Health Award
B U S Animal Health Association
C U S Animal Housing Association
D U S Agricultural Health Administrator
```
B U S Animal Health Association
189
```
What ration ingredients contain the highest concentration of energy?
A Carbohydrates
B Minerals
C Sugars
D Fats
```
D Fats
190
```
Brucellosis is also known as:
A Bangs
B Milk fever
C Ketosis
D Mastitis
```
A Bangs
191
Many dairy bulls have their nose pierced with a ring in it. This allows for:
A Training of the bull to an electric fence
B Operation of the magnetic latch used for the self feeder
C Restraint and control of the animal
D Individual identification information
C Restraint and control of the anima
192
```
What is a common name for infectious kerato conjunctivitis?
A Acidosis
B Pink eye
C Johne's Disease
D Ringworm
```
B Pink eye
193
A ________ is usually necessary when feeding Dairy Cows TMR rations.
A Feed trough or bunk feeder in milk barn
B Vertical concentrate bin
C Auger system in parlor
D Mixer box on a truck or trailer
D Mixer box on a truck or trailer
194
```
What is intra muscular injection?
A It is administered in the muscle
B It is administered under the skin
C It is administered intradermal
D It is administered via the blood vessels
```
A It is administered in the muscle
195
```
A ________ gene in Black and White Holsteins is responsible for the red and white color being
expressed at times:
A Recessive
B Incomplete Dominant
C Dominant
D Co-dominant
```
A Recessive
196
```
Fats are broken down by a dairy cow in what part of her body?
A Large intestine
B Rumen
C Pancreas
D Small intestine
```
D Small intestine
197
```
Normal body temperature for a dairy cow is ________ .
A 107.5 degrees F
B 99.5 degrees F
C 98.5 degrees F
D 101.5 degrees F
```
D 101.5 degrees F
198
```
Crude fiber in a dietary ration must be at least ________ % or milk fat percent will decrease.
A 8
B 5
C 18
D 12
```
C 18
199
```
Manure digesters convert ________ fuel into electricity.
A Methane
B Propane
C Biodiesel
D Ethanol
```
A Methane
200
```
What do the letters NRC stand for?
A National Research Center
B National Research Company
C National Research Chapter
D National Research Council
```
D National Research Council
201
```
Why is fat added to dairy rations?
A To add a concentrated form of energy
B To increase the volatile fatty acid level
C To help fight BVD
D To increase milk fat %
```
A To add a concentrated form of energy
202
```
Corn silage stored in sealed upright silos should be ensiled at what moisture?
A No less than 60 percent moisture
B No less than 30 percent moisture
C No less than 40 percent moisture
D No less than 50 percent moisture
```
A No less than 60 percent moisture
203
```
In the reproductive tract of a dairy cow, how many uterine horns are there?
A One
B None
C Two
D Three
```
C Two
204
```
Which system of the cow's body is most affected by paratuberculosis?
A Reproductive
B Circulatory
C Respiratory
D Digestive
```
D Digestive
205
```
Alfalfa is an example of ________ in a dairy ration.
A Roughage
B Probiotic
C Concentrate
D Energy Supplement
```
A Roughage
206
```
What stomach compartments are not developed in a newborn calf?
A Rumen and omasum
B Rumen and reticulum
C Abomasum and omasum
D Abomasum and rumen
```
B Rumen and reticulum
207
```
In cows, salmonellosis infections are most common in those that have calved within ________ .
A 10 days
B 2 days
C 20 days
D 50 days
```
A 10 days
208
```
What is the CCC?
A Caring Cats Corporation
B Crazy Cow Corporation
C Cow Chemistry Center
D Commodity Credit Corporation
```
D Commodity Credit Corporation
209
Feeding proper rations during the summer is important for both cow comfort and maintaining milk
production. Which nutrient is most important during the summer months?
A Water
B Vitamins
C Protein
D Fat
A Water
210
```
What does NMPF stand for?
A New Mexico Producers Funding
B Northern Milk Producers Formulation
C National Milk Producers Federation
D National Milk Protein Foundation
```
C National Milk Producers Federation
211
```
The dairy breed which produces the highest volume of milk is the:
A Milking Shorthorn
B Holstein
C Aryshire
D Brown Swiss
```
B Holstein
212
```
If there are large numbers of flies around the dairy barn, what should be the first thing to be examined in
an attempt to solve the fly problem?
A Milking procedures
B Cow feeding procedures
C Manure handling procedures
D Calf feeding procedures
```
C Manure handling procedures
213
```
For best results calves should be fed colostrum within ________ hours of calving:
A 3 hours
B First day
C 6 hours
D 1st hour
```
C 6 hours
214
```
The top most part of a cow's head is called the:
A Pin
B Hook
C Poll
D Knoll
```
C Poll
215
```
What is a nonfunctional mammary gland called?
A Nonproductive quarter
B Bulging quarter
C Absent quarter
D Blind quarter
```
D Blind quarter
216
```
When looking at DHI records, what do the letters RHA stand for?
A Regional Holstein Associations
B Registered Holstein Ancestry
C Rolling Herd Average
D Registered Herd Ancestry
```
C Rolling Herd Average
217
```
What percent of dry matter in plants is made of carbohydrates?
A 50 percent
B 65 percent
C 85 percent
D 75 percent
```
D 75 percent
218
```
A mutation where calves have little or no control over the movement of their legs is called
A Mule-foot
B Limber leg
C Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency
D Weaver syndrome
```
B Limber leg
219
```
What is the accepted standard length for a lactation record in dairy cattle?
A 100 days
B 365 days
C 200 days
D 305 days
```
D 305 days
220
What do the letters IDFA stand for?
A International Dairy Finance Administrators
B International Dairy Foods Association
C International Dairy Farmers Association
D International Dairy Food Act
B International Dairy Foods Association
221
```
New computerized robotic milk stations are becoming a reality today. They have different names but one
common one is MOD system. MOD means:
A Move on Down
B Magnificent Overall Design
C Milk on Demand
D Money on Deposit
```
C Milk on Demand
222
```
What describes the fraction of the ration proteins, which is broken down by digestive enzymes and
utilized by rumen bacteria?
A % Total Digestible Protein
B % Bacterial Protein
C % Degradable proteins
D % Water Dissolvable Protein
```
C % Degradable proteins
223
Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (BPDME) is better known as Weaver
Syndrome@ because of
A The name of the person that first detected it
B The regenerative process used to treat symptoms
C The location where it was first detected
D The weaving gait of affected cattle
D The weaving gait of affected cattle
224
```
Thurl position is a trait evaluated in the ________ category on the PDCA Unified Scorecard?
A Udder
B Frame
C Rear feet and legs
D Dairy strength
```
C Rear feet and legs
225
```
When does the greatest mammary tissue growth occur during a cow's life?
A Before she is born
B During the first pregnancy
C At puberty
D During the second pregnancy
```
B During the first pregnancy
226
```
Milk should be below what temperature before it is transferred to a milk truck?
A 40 degrees F
B 26 degrees F
C 36 degrees F
D 66 degrees F
```
C 36 degrees F
227
```
The condition in which the cow is giving more milk than nutrients that she is consuming in feed is
called:
A Positive net energy balance
B Over Milked
C More milk than feed
D Negative net energy balance
```
D Negative net energy balance
228
```
Which cows have higher protein requirements?
A High-producing open cows
B Low-producing open cows
C Low-producing pregnant cows
D High-producing pregnant cows
```
D High-producing pregnant cows
229
```
Hairy Heel Wart is scientifically known as what?
A Digital phlegmon
B Digital Dermatitis
C Intraheel laminitis
D Digital Divide
```
B Digital Dermatitis
230
```
Cows produce pheromones which:
A Increase levels of milk production
B Attract the opposite sex
C Prevent pregnancy
D Ward off infections
```
B Attract the opposite sex
231
```
Which of the following diseases is not caused by a virus?
A Warts
B BVD
C Cow pox
D Laminitis
```
D Laminitis
232
```
Fermented forage plants relates to:
A Flash grazing
B Strip grazing
C Hay
D Silage
```
D Silage
233
```
Lactation is unique to ________ .
A Insects
B Crustaceans
C Reptiles
D Mammals
```
D Mammals
234
What do nonstructural carbohydrates consist of?
A Proteins, Acids, and Alkalis
B Plant starch, Pectin, and Sugar
C Plant proteins, Pectin, and Sugar
D Plant sugars, Lactic Acid, and Potassium
B Plant starch, Pectin, and Sugar
235
```
What acid is formed when nonstructural carbohydrates are digested in the rumen?
A Propionic acid
B Lactic acid
C Propyl-hydro chloride
D Citric acid
```
A Propionic acid
236
```
What bacterium causes cattle tuberculosis (TB)?
A Mycobacterium avious
B Mycobacterium bovis
C Mycobacterium canine
D Mycobacterium ovius
```
B Mycobacterium bovis
237
```
Each animal inherits certain genes from both parents. What percentage of genes does a calf receive from its sire?
A 50 percent
B 25 percent
C 85 percent
D 75 percent
```
A 50 percent
238
```
Foot Rot is Scientifically known as what?
A Intraheel laminitis
B Digital Divides
C Digital Dermatitis
D Interdigital phlegmon
```
D Interdigital phlegmon
239
```
If you add sugar to a milk product, you must ________ the minimum pasteurization temperature by_____________
A Increase, 10
B Decrease, 10
C Decrease, 5
D Increase, 5
```
D Increase, 5
240
```
What percent moisture should corn silage be chopped at when stored in horizontal bunker silos?
A 90 percent moisture
B 50 percent moisture
C 30 percent moisture
D 70 percent moisture
```
D 70 percent moisture
241
```
Dairy herds have historically used artificial insemination. Currently approximately ________ % of all dairy pregnancies results from A.I.
A 10
B 85
C 95
D 50
```
B 85
242
Fresh milk, at a dairy, is required to be cooled to a minimum of 50 degrees F within 4 hours time after
milking. However many larger dairies are using a ________ to accomplish this within minutes.
A Dry ice
B Plate chiller
C Refrigeration unit
D Tanker truck
B Plate chiller
243
```
A Milking herd's TMR should be available to cows how many hours throughout the day?
A 20 to 24
B 5 to 9
C 15 to 18
D 10 to 12
```
A 20 to 24
244
```
A cow's gestation period is ________ long?
A 1 day
B 282 days
C 365 days
D 114 days
```
B 282 days
245
```
Producers using BST must give their cows an injection of it every:
A Day
B 7 days
C 14 days
D 30 days
```
C 14 days
246
```
What is an anion?
A A positively charged electron
B A positively charged ion
C A negatively charged ion
D A negatively charged electron
```
C A negatively charged ion
247
```
What manure waste management puts solids in a bin and lets it degrade?
A Slurry
B Composting
C Lagoon
D Solid
```
B Composting
248
```
Mule-foot is found most often in ________ dairy breed?
A Jersey
B Guernsey
C Holstein
D Brown Swiss
```
C Holstein
249
```
What numerical value does a Holstein cow get when given the classification excellent?
A <70
B 80-84.9
C 70-74.9
D 90-100
```
D 90-100
250
```
What is the classification for a Holstein cow given the numerical value 80-84.9?
A Poor
B Good plus
C Fair
D Good
```
B Good plus
251
In order to prevent bloat, the feed additive Poloxalene is often added to feed rations for cows that are
grazing. Which of the following grazed forages are most likely to cause bloat?
A Turnips and Sudan grass
B Alfalfa and Clover
C Wheat and barley
D Fescue and orchard grass
B Alfalfa and Clover
252
A cow with high lactation persistence is important for a dairy's economic success. Lactation persistency
is:
A Cows ability to milk for 500 or more days
B Cows Ability to maintain production under adverse climatic conditions
C Tendency for a cow to milk for more than 30 minutes/milking
D Cows Milk production this month divided by production last month X 100
D Cows Milk production this month divided by production last month X 100
253
```
What is the FAS?
A Foreign Agricultural Service
B Finland Agriculture Service
C Final Agriculture Service
D Food and Agriculture Service
```
A Foreign Agricultural Service
254
```
Fumonsin and zearalenone are examples of:
A Carbohydrates
B Vitamins
C Mycotoxins
D Minerals
```
C Mycotoxins
255
```
This bacteria causes Circling Disease in cattle:
A Mycoplasma
B Leucosis
C Salmonella
D Listeria
```
D Listeria
256
```
Rumen bacteria enable dairy cattle to utilize which feed supplement?
A Sodium bicarbonate
B Urea
C Defluorinate phosphate
D Calcium carbonate
```
B Urea
257
Cow comfort has been linked to milk production in numerous research studies. Which of the following is
NOT an example of a way to improve cow comfort used by dairymen:
A Providing wading pools allowing them to cool off during hot weather
B Allowing them access to their new born calf for the 1st 30 days
C Providing air mattresses for the cows to lay on
D Reducing air flow through the barn during cool weather
B Allowing them access to their new born calf for the 1st 30 days
258
```
Proponents of global warming having accused cows of being a major factor. This is due to their release
of:
A Gaseous Oxygen
B Argon Gas
C Carbon Dioxide Gas
D Chloride Gas
```
C Carbon Dioxide Gas
259
```
Nutritionists have developed a test to compare one alfalfa sample to another, determining the RFV of
each. RFV stands for:
A Real Food Value
B Risk for Value
C Relative Forage Value
D Regulative Free Velocity
```
C Relative Forage Value
260
```
How many days after breeding can a pregnancy be detected by ultrasound?
A Before 14 days
B Between 28 to 30 days
C Between 30 and 55 days
D Between 14 and 28 days
```
B Between 28 to 30 days
261
```
The rear quarters produce ________ % of the daily milk yield.
A 80%
B 60%
C 20%
D 40%
```
B 60%
262
```
The milk produced on a dairy must be moved through a system of components and piping made from:
A High carbon steel
B Galvanized steel
C Fiberglass
D Stainless steel
```
D Stainless steel
263
```
Reduced gestation length and retained placenta typically are the first symptoms of ________ vitamin
deficiency
A Vitamin D
B Vitamin A
C Vitamin K
D Vitamin B
```
B Vitamin A
264
```
What is the most essential nutrient in animal feeding animals and maintaining health?
A Vitamins
B Minerals
C Water
D Protein
```
C Water
265
```
The portion of the milker unit that first receives the milk as it is withdrawn from the cow is the:
A Low line
B Receiver jar
C Claw
D Milk meter
```
C Claw
266
```
Coccidia infection can occur when calves are 4 to 8 weeks old. Coccidia causes:
A Pneumonia
B IBR
C BVD
D Enteritis
```
D Enteritis
267
```
About 90% of U.S. dairies use a ________ milking schedule.
A Once/day
B Three times/day
C Milk on Demand
D Twice/day
```
D Twice/day
268
```
Adequate consumption of long fiber roughage is important to both milk production and herd heath. A
long fiber roughage is one that is:
A Less than 1 inch long
B Longer than 1.5 inches
C Longer than 6 inches
D Longer than 12 inches
```
B Longer than 1.5 inches
269
```
How many chromosomes does the nucleus of each reproductive cell have in dairy cattle?
A 30
B 24
C 15
D 32
```
A 30
270
```
Cows that are at risk of developing ketosis can be fed what vitamin to help prevent ketosis?
A Zinc
B B-complex
C Vitamin-C
D Niacin
```
D Niacin
271
```
What is lactogenesis?
A The initiation of milk secretion
B The initiation of estrus
C The initiation of mastitis
D The cessation of milk production
```
A The initiation of milk secretion
272
```
The most costly form of mastitis is?
A Subclinical
B Clinical
C Chronic
D Acute
```
A Subclinical
273
```
Heritability for milk production in dairy cattle is:
A 80%
B 50%
C 5%
D 30%
```
D 30%
274
```
Colostrum given to a baby calf more than ________ hours old is NOT absorbed and thus does little good.
A 48
B 6
C 12
D 24
```
D 24
275
```
Which one of the following is NOT classified as a water soluble-vitamin?
A Vitamin A
B Niacin
C Biotin
D Folic acid
```
A Vitamin A
276
```
Which purebred dairy breed association introduced a dairy price stabilization program in 2009?
A Holstein
B Jersey
C Ayshire
D Guernsey
```
A Holstein
277
```
Where are non-degradable proteins absorbed?
A Large intestine
B Small Intestine
C Rumen
D Liver
```
B Small Intestine
278
```
A condition of low blood calcium, which results in partial paralysis of the cow is known as ________ .
A Milk fever
B Hardware disease
C Brucellosis
D Bovine virus diarrhea
```
A Milk fever
279
```
In regards to pedigrees, what is a RHA?
A Registered Herd Ancestry
B Registered Holstein Ancestry
C Rolling Herd Average
D Registered Herd Average
```
B Registered Holstein Ancestry
280
```
Dairy cattle have a ________ field of vision to their front.
A Less than 90 degree
B 180-270 degree
C 90-180 degree
D 300 + degree
```
D 300 + degree
281
```
When can a heifer calf born twin to a bull be registered?
A As soon as she is born
B When it is proven that she will breed
C When she is 6 months old
D As soon as she is weaned
```
B When it is proven that she will breed
282
```
"Weaver Syndrome" is most often found in the ________ dairy breed?
A Guernsey
B Jersey
C Brown Swiss
D Holstein
```
C Brown Swiss
283
```
In regards to dairy production RHA refers to:
A Rollover Her Amplitude
B Reckless Herdsman Attitude
C Registered Herd Ancestry
D Rolling Herd Average
```
D Rolling Herd Average
284
```
The only aspect of milk quality that can be completely controlled on the farm is ________ .
A Drug residue
B Bacteria counts
C Milk protein
D Milk flavor
```
A Drug residue
285
```
What units are used to measure energy?
A Calories
B Liters
C Grams
D Micro Farads
```
A Calories
286
```
Legally you cannot make cottage cheese from raw milk, but you can make ________ from raw milk.
A Cheddar cheese
B Ice cream
C Yogurt
D Sour cream
```
A Cheddar cheese
287
```
A disease transmitted through natural mating which causes abortion, low conception rates, and irregular
heat cycles is ________ .
A Black leg
B Milk fever
C Hardware disease
D Vibriosis
```
D Vibriosis
288
```
What is the approximate time of ovulation in cattle after the beginning of heat?
A 90 hours
B 3 hours
C 60 hours
D 30 hours
```
D 30 hours
289
```
How frequently should an average cow freshen?
A Only once in her lifetime
B Once every 12 months
C Once every 20 months
D Once every 24 months
```
B Once every 12 months
290
What is GATT?
A General Agreement on Trades and Tariffs
B General Agricultural Tariffs and Trades
C General Alien Tariff and Trade
D General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
D General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
291
Young dairy calves frequently suffer and may die due to scours. The chief cause of deadly scours at this
age is:
A Excessive intake of milk replacer
B Internal parasites, primarily the roundworm
C The bacteria Escherichia Coli
D Excessive colostrum intake
C The bacteria Escherichia Coli
292
```
What do the letters FSA stand for?
A Farm Sales Agency
B Farm Safety Administration
C Farm Study Agency
D Farm Service Agency
```
D Farm Service Agency
293
```
Almost 95% of the dairy cows in the U.S. are:
A Brown Swiss
B Holstein
C Jersey
D Angus
```
B Holstein
294
It is widely acknowledged that a calcium/phosphorus ration of about ________ ________ is best for a
dairy ration since this mirrors that of the cows body.
A 5:1
B 10:1
C 1:1
D 2:1
D 2:1
295
```
Which major dairy breed association was the first to use computers to maintain breed registry records?
A Milking Shorthorn
B Holstein
C Guernsey
D Jersey
```
C Guernsey
296
```
A very popular dairy management software in Texas is:
A Basic Dairy 101
B Dairyhelp4U
C Dairy Comp 305
D Dairy Power vs. 2
```
C Dairy Comp 305
297
When compared to normal corn silage, brown mid-rib corn silage has more energy and high digestibility.
This is due largely to its lower content of ________ .
A Starch
B Potassium
C Lignin
D Fat
C Lignin
298
```
When then environmental temperature falls below 30 F, the normal diet of a young calf should be supplemented with ________ ?
A Protein
B Warm Fresh Milk
C Energy
D Vitamin A
```
C Energy
299
```
Which part of an animal touches the ground if he/she is walking on a correct set of feet and legs?
A Pastern
B Knee
C Dewclaw
D Sole
```
D Sole
300
```
Which mineral functions in maintaining osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and body fluid balance?
A Sodium
B Sulfur
C Zinc
D Selenium
```
A Sodium
301
%DBH stands for what?
A Percentage of Difficulty Breeding in Heifers
B Percentage of Dead Breathing Heifers
C Percentage of Difficult Births in Heifers
D Percentage of Dead Born Heifers
C Percentage of Difficult Births in Heifers
302
```
What is the BFP?
A Basic Foundation Price
B Butter Fat Price
C Basic Formula Price
D Basic Formula Preparation
```
C Basic Formula Price
303
```
The most common pathogen found in raw milk is:
A Campylobacter
B Salmonella
C Cryptosporidia
D Escherichia coli
```
D Escherichia coli
304
```
What type of mastitis is the easiest to cure?
A Coliforms
B Streptococus agalactae
C Staph Aureus
D Paratuberliocsis
```
B Streptococus agalactae
305
When using sexed semen, conception rates are ________ percent of the conception rates achieved when
using unsexed semen under the same conditions?
A 15-40%
B 50-80%
C 10% or less
D 90-95%
B 50-80%
306
```
A switch on a cow is:
A The area directly behind the withers
B Located beneath the heart girth
C The bottom most part of the tail
D A fluff of hair on the forehead
```
C The bottom most part of the tail
307
```
Cows have ________ streak canals per teat.
A 2
B 3
C 1
D 4-8
```
C 1
308
```
Grass Tetany may occur in early lactation cows grazing lush, heavily, fertilized pastures. Grass Tetany is caused by a ________ deficiency.
A Thiamine
B Vitamin E
C Calcium
D Magnesium
```
D Magnesium
309
```
The breed of dairy cattle that can be roan, all red, all white, or even spotted red and white is:
A Ayrshire
B Holstein
C Milking Shorthorn
D Guernsey
```
C Milking Shorthorn
310
```
The source of rennet (a substance used in cheese making) is:
A A tropical plant
B Sugar beets
C The abomasum of a milk fed calf
D Insect Larvae
```
C The abomasum of a milk fed calf
311
```
Limber leg is found most often in the ________ dairy breed?
A Jersey
B Guernsey
C Brown Swiss
D Holstein
```
A Jersey
312
```
Which compartment of a dairy cow's stomach is located closest to the heart and it is a spot where
hardware disease occurs?
A Rumen
B Reticulum
C Omasum
D Abomasum
```
B Reticulum
313
When sanitizing milking equipment with water, the temperature must be a minimum of 170 degrees F and
the utensils are to be under the flow of water for ________ minute(s).
A 1
B 5
C 15
D 10
B 5
314
```
The Global Dairy Agenda for Action is a pledge to reduce ________ emissions in an attempt to address
global warming?
A Nitrous oxide
B Carbon
C Sulfur
D Manure odor
```
B Carbon
315
```
To the hundredth, how many pounds of milk are in one gallon?
A 8.72 pounds
B 8.62 pounds
C 8.92 pounds
D 8.52 pounds
```
B 8.62 pounds
316
```
The medical name tarsal hygroma, a common aliment of dairy cows is commonly called::
A Swollen hock
B Foot Wart
C Acidosis
D Dehydration
```
A Swollen hock
317
```
Which one of the following is not classified as a fat-soluble vitamin?
A Vitamin A
B Vitamin B
C Vitamin D
D Vitamin K
```
B Vitamin B
318
```
If the freezing point of a sample of raw milk is above 30 degrees F this indicates:
A Low butterfat %
B High butterfat %
C Normal Sample
D High % of water
```
D High % of water
319
```
Corn silage, stored in upright, top-unloading silos, should be chopped at what percent moisture?
A 72 to 75 percent moisture
B 92 to 95 percent moisture
C 62 to 65 percent moisture
D 82 to 85 percent moisture
```
C 62 to 65 percent moisture
320
```
On the PDCA Unified Dairy Score Card, the category feet and legs accounts for how many points?
A 10
B 15
C 20
D 30
```
C 20
321
```
In the standard protocol for cleaning milking equipment, which of the following is not one of the four
phases of cleaning?
A Chlorinated alkaline wash
B Acid rinse
C Pre-rinse
D Back flushing
```
D Back flushing
322
```
If a dairy bull has been genetically tested to determine his genomic make-up, this will be indicated on his pedigree by what letters?
A DNA-TPI
B GTTPI
C GTPI
D TPI-G
```
C GTPI
323
```
What percent of lactating dairy cows have oxytocin in their bloodstreams during milking?
A 50%
B 60%
C 75%
D 100%
```
D 100%
324
The CWT programs stands for Cooperatives Working Together. Which of the following describes the
function of this program?
A A national dairy farmer-funded program that is used to help stabilize milk prices
B The world-wide cooperative network for agricultural products
C An international program used to market whey proteins
D A state-wide program that addresses the cost of dairy feeds
A A national dairy farmer-funded program that is used to help stabilize milk prices
325
Dairy producers are particularly watchful for zoonotic diseases in their herd. Zoonotic diseases are
defined as those that:
A Pass from animals to humans and vice versa
B Pass from animal to animal among different species
C Have no knows cures and as such, are especially feared
D Pass from animal to animal of the same species
A Pass from animals to humans and vice versa
326
```
According to the American Veterinary Medicine Association, the preferred method of dehorning young
calves is ________ .
A Disbudding
B Gouging
C Caustic paste
D Cauterizing veins
```
A Disbudding
327
```
When evaluating a dairy ration, what do the letters TDN stand for?
A Tested Digestible Nutrients
B Total Dietary Needs
C Total Dietary Nitrogen
D Total Digestible Nutrients
```
D Total Digestible Nutrients
328
```
A dairy cow may not reach her highest milk yield until she is:
A 4-5 years old
B Over 10 years old
C 3-4 years old
D 5-9 years old
```
D 5-9 years old
329
```
How many grams of lactose are in an 8 oz. glass of milk?
A 21
B 10
C 25
D 17
```
B 10
330
In a sire's proof, daughters' calving ease measures ________ .
A The cow's calving ease
B The influence of the sire of the cow on calving ease
C A bull's tendency to sire calves that are born easily
D The caving ease of the first calf heifers from the sire
B The influence of the sire of the cow on calving ease
331
```
Which trait is worth the most points according to the Dairy Cow Unified Score Card?
A Frame
B Udder
C Body capacity
D Dairy character
```
B Udder
332
```
Regarding feed formulation, what does CAD stand for?
A Carbohydrate- Amino Degradation
B Cation-Anion Difference
C Cation-Anion Degree
D Cation-Amonia Difference
```
B Cation-Anion Difference
333
```
When referring to rations, what do the letters NFC stand for?
A Not for Consumption
B Non-forage Carbohydrates
C Non-Fat Concentration
D Non-fungus Colony
```
B Non-forage Carbohydrates
334
```
All U.S. dairy farms are inspected by state inspectors through a program coordinated by the Food and Drug Administration. Inspectors follow a publication called the PMO. What does PMO stand for?
A Pre-milking Options
B Post-Milking Options
C Pasteurized milk ordinance
D Primary Milking Operations
```
C Pasteurized milk ordinance
335
```
When referring to milk test used at the processing plant, what is a DMC?
A Direct Micro Compatibility
B Direct Measurement Control
C Direct Microscopic Counts
D Direct Microscopic Cells
```
C Direct Microscopic Counts
336
```
The hooks and pins on an animal relate most closely to the:
A Feet and legs
B Udder
C Thigh
D Rump
```
D Rump
337
In a study of milk parlors conducted by researchers at the University of Florida, how did parallels
perform when compared to herringbones?
A Herringbones out performed parallels by nearly 8 percent
B They performed the same
C Parallels were 50% slower
D Parallels out performed herringbones by nearly 8 percent
D Parallels out performed herringbones by nearly 8 percent
338
```
A rolling herd average (RHA) is based on how many months?
A Lifetime of the cow
B One
C Twenty four
D Twelve
```
D Twelve
339
Dairy cattle frequently develop milk fever shortly after calving. They become immobile, comatose, and
may die without treatment. The treatment typically involves:
A Adding additional salt to their feed to supply extra calcium and phosphorus
B Injection of Vitamin B-12
C Using a stomach pump to administer adequate water to keep them hydrated
D Intravenous injection of calcium gluconate
D Intravenous injection of calcium gluconate
340
```
The ________ is the device responsible for regulating both the vacuum level and the proportion of the
vacuum for the front and rear quarters.
A Inflation
B Milk meter
C Claw
D Pulsator
```
D Pulsator
341
```
When feeding close-up cows a calcium deficient diet, which gland is stimulated?
A Mammary gland
B Pituitary Gland
C Hypothalamus Gland
D Parathyroid gland
```
D Parathyroid gland
342
```
To maintain margins, you should be monitoring and making decisions based on your herd's IOFC. What
do the initials IOFC stand for?
A Income on feeding cows
B Income over forage cost
C Income over finance cost
D Income over feed costs
```
D Income over feed costs
343
```
How much more energy do fats contain per unit than carbohydrates and proteins?
A 3
B 3.25
C 2
D 2.25
```
D 2.25
344
```
What breed is known to produce milk over a greater number of years than all other breeds?
A Milking Shorthorn
B Jersey
C Guernsey
D Brown Swiss
```
D Brown Swiss
345
```
Which of the following is an infectious disease?
A Milk fever
B Ringworm
C Bloat
D Hardware disease
```
B Ringworm
346
```
What is subcutaneous injection?
A It is administered intradermal
B It is administered under the skin
C It is administered in the muscle
D It is administered via the blood vessels
```
B It is administered under the skin
347
```
Which of the following is not a commonly used estrus synchronization program for dairy cattle?
A Pre-synch
B CIDR
C Post-synch
D Heat-synch
```
C Post-synch
348
```
On the PDCA Unified Dairy Score Card, the category dairy strength accounts for how many points?
A 15
B 10
C 20
D 25
```
D 25
349
```
349. When a cow comes into heat every few days, she is referred to as?
A Anestrus
B Gestation
C Lactation
D Cystic
```
D Cystic
350
```
What female hormone causes follicles to begin to develop?
A Follicle stimulating hormone
B Estrogen
C Prolactin
D Luteinizing hormone
```
A Follicle stimulating hormone
Dairy Cattle
flashcards
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