1
Q
A physical therapist assistant presents an in-service to the rehabilitation staff that compares traditional gait terminology with Rancho Los Amigos terminology. Which pair of descriptive terms describes the same general point in the gait cycle?
A
Heel strike, initial contact
2
Q
A physical therapist assistant monitors the vital signs of a patient running on a treadmill at a series of steadily increasing speeds. A change in which variable would be MOST responsible for an observed increase in pulse pressure during the exercise session?
- Heart rate
- Systolic blood pressure
- Diastolic blood pressure
- Cardiac output
A
Systolic blood pressure
3
Q
A patient with cardiovascular pathology is placed on a diuretic. Which type of laboratory test should be the MOST essential for the physical therapist assistant to monitor based on the patient’s prescribed medication?
- Cardiac biomarkers
- Prothrombin time
- Serum electrolytes
- Serum cholesterol
A
Serum Electrolytes
4
Q
A physical therapist assistant monitors a patient with a single lead electrocardiogram. After reviewing the obtained data, the rhythm is classified as sinus bradycardia. Which of the following descriptions is the MOST indicative of this condition?
- R-R interval is irregular with a rate between 100 and 200 beats per minute
- R-R interval is irregular with a rate between 40 and 100 beats per minute
- R-R interval is regular with a rate greater than 100 beats per minute
- R-R interval is regular with a rate less than 60 beats per minute
A
R-R interval is regular with a rate less than 60 beats per minute
5
Q
A physical therapist assistant reviews the medical record of a patient with an arthritic condition. Which piece of information would be the MOST useful to assist in the definitive diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?
- Pain profile
- Joint symptoms
- Blood tests
- Age of onset
A
Blood tests
6
Q
A physical therapist assistant consults with a teacher regarding a child with autism who has impairments in sensory processing. Which of the following pieces of equipment would be the MOST useful to address the child’s dyspraxia?
- Swing
- Weighted vest
- Sit and spin
- Rocking chair
A
Weighted Vest
7
Q
A physical therapist assistant reads in the medical record that a patient was recently prescribed a thrombolytic agent. Which condition would be considered a contraindication to this type of pharmacological agent?
- Myocardial infarction
- Hemorrhagic stroke
- Pulmonary embolism
- Venous thrombosis
A
Hemmorrhagic Stroke
8
Q
A physical therapist assistant reads a recent entry in a patient’s medical record that indicates aspiration was performed in the elbow region. This procedure is MOST commonly associated with which of the following conditions?
- Dorsal ganglion cyst
- Lateral epicondylitis
- Medial epicondylitis
- Olecranon bursitis
A
Olecranon Bursitis
9
Q
A patient is referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of left shoulder impingement. During the session, the physical therapist assistant begins to suspect a systemic cause for the patient’s pain. Which of the following symptoms would BEST support this hypothesis?
- Pain has been present for years
- Pain is alleviated with the use of cryotherapy
- Pain is aggravated by cervical rotation
- Pain remains unrelieved with rest
A
Pain remains unrelieved with rest
10
Q
A physical therapist assistant instructs a patient in a self-stretching activity using the FABER test position. This test position should be MOST useful to stretch which of the following muscle groups of the hip?
- Abductors
- Flexors
- External rotators
- Internal rotators
A
Internal Rotators
11
Q
A physical therapist assistant reviews the surface anatomy of the hand in preparation for a patient post wrist arthrodesis. Which of the following bony structures does NOT articulate with the lunate?
- Trapezium
- Radius
- Capitate
- Scaphoid
A
Trapezium
12
Q
A physical therapist assistant concludes that it is necessary to elongate the long head of the triceps brachii as part of a muscle length assessment of the elbow. Which positioning of the upper extremity would be the MOST effective for achieving the stated objective?
- Elbow extension and shoulder extension
- Elbow extension and shoulder flexion
- Elbow flexion and shoulder extension
- Elbow flexion and shoulder flexion
A
Shoulder flexion and elbow flexion
13
Q
A physical therapist assistant reviews a patient’s medical record prior to beginning treatment. The record indicates the patient was recently placed on amitriptyline (Elavil). Which of the following responses is the MOST common side effect associated with this tricyclic antidepressant?
- Sedation
- Dysarthria
- Seizures
- Blood pressure variability
A
Sedation
14
Q
physical therapist assistant notices significant atrophy of the infraspinatus muscle while treating a patient with shoulder pathology. This finding is MOST consistent with an injury to which of the following nerves?
- Axillary
- Long thoracic
- Spinal accessory
- Suprascapular
A
Suprascapular
15
Q
A patient returns from a physician visit and informs a physical therapist assistant that they have decreased their systolic blood pressure by approximately 20 mm Hg over the last two months. Which intervention would MOST likely be responsible for the decrease in systolic blood pressure?
- Dietary changes
- Limiting alcohol consumption
- Activity level changes
- Pharmacological management
A
Pharmacological management
16
Q
A patient sustained a non-displaced fracture of the proximal humerus. Which of the following clinical findings would provide the BEST support for the patient being cleared to perform active-assisted exercise?
- Hematoma formation
- Diminished pain
- Callus formation
- Remodeling
A
Callus formation
17
Q
A physical therapist assistant reporting at a team meeting indicates that a patient with a spinal cord injury should be able to perform household ambulation using knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs) and forearm crutches upon discharge. The patient’s quadriceps strength is currently Poor plus (2+/5). What level of spinal cord injury is the MOST likely based on the assistant’s prediction?
- L1
- L3
- L5
- S1
A
L3
18
Q
A physical therapist treating a patient with a physical therapist assistant decides to discontinue the scheduled physical therapy session due to a suspected pulmonary embolism and requests further consultation from the attending physician. Which of the following clinical findings BEST supports the therapist’s hypothesis?
- Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of 85 mm Hg
- Resting respiratory rate of 14 breaths per minute
- Resting heart rate of 100 beats per minute
- Increased cough with the presence of hemoptysis
A
Increased cough with the presence of hemotypsis
19
Q
A physical therapist assistant uses the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique known as repeated contractions to strengthen the quadriceps of a patient that fails to exhibit the desired muscular response throughout a portion of the range of motion. Which of the following descriptions BEST explains how this technique should be applied?
- With the extremity placed into a shortened range within the pattern
- At the point where the desired muscular response begins to diminish
- At the end of the available range of motion
- With a maximal contraction of the antagonistic muscle group
A
At the point where the muscular response begins to diminish
20
Q
A physical therapist assistant instructs a patient positioned in the supine position to bring the left leg toward the chest and maintain the position. Assuming the assistant observes the response shown in the image, what muscle would MOST likely have insufficient length?
- Iliopsoas
- Quadratus lumborum
- Rectus femoris
- Sartorius
A
Rectus femoris
21
Q
A patient who has vascular intermittent claudication is seen for cardiac rehabilitation. Which ankle-brachial index (ABI) value would be the MOST consistent with intermittent claudication symptoms that only occur during fairly intense exercise?
- 0.35
- 0.55
- 0.75
- 1.10
A
.75
22
Q
A physical therapist assistant treats a patient diagnosed with plantar fasciitis. During the treatment session, the assistant attempts to strengthen the muscles that support the medial longitudinal arch. Which of the following muscles would be MOST important to emphasize in the strengthening program?
- Gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris
- Fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis
- Tibialis anterior and extensor hallucis longus
- Tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus
A
Tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus
23
Q
A physical therapist assistant treats a patient with suspected ulnar nerve palsy. Which of the following clinical findings is MOST consistent with this diagnosis?
- Wasting of the hypothenar eminence
- Wrist drop with increased flexion of the wrist
- Increased flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint
- Proximal interphalangeal joint hyperextension and slight flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint
A
Wasting of the hypothenar eminence
24
Q
Which of the following degenerative central nervous system disorders should the physical therapist assistant recognize as consisting primarily of destruction of the motor neurons in the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord?
- Parkinson’s disease
- Huntington’s disease
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Multiple sclerosis
A
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
25
A physical therapist assistant prepares to use an intermittent compression device to treat a patient who has lower extremity edema. The assistant would like to carefully monitor the patient during
the session due to a history of mixed arterial and venous disease. Which of the following assessment procedures would be the LEAST beneficial to ensure that the patient is safely tolerating compression treatment?
1. Observation of lower extremity skin color
2. Figure eight measurement at the ankle
3. Capillary refill time of the great toe
4. Palpation of the dorsalis pedis artery
Figure 8 measurement
26
A physical therapist assistant attempts to assess the extent of ataxia in a patient’s upper extremities. Which of the following tests is BEST for assessing ataxia?
1. Manual muscle test
2. Sensory test for light touch
3. Functional assessment of bed mobility
4. Finger to nose test
finger to nose test. Ataxia- uncoordinated movements.
27
An 11-month-old patient who has cerebral palsy attempts to maintain a quadruped position. Which of the following primitive reflexes would MOST interfere with this activity if it was not integrated?
1. Galant
2. Symmetrical tonic neck
3. Plantar grasp
4. Positive support
Asymmetric tonic neck
28
A physical therapist assistant instructs a patient post fractured left hip in gait training activities. The patient is weight bearing as tolerated and uses a large base quad cane. Which of the following techniques would be the MOST appropriate?
1. Using the quad cane on the left with the longer legs positioned away from the patient
2. Using the quad cane on the right with the longer legs positioned away from the patient
3. Using the quad cane on the left with the longer legs positioned toward the patient
4. Using the quad cane on the right with the longer legs positioned toward the patient
Using the quad cane in the Right with the longer legs positioned away from the patient.
29
A physical therapist assistant uses ultrasound to heat tissues at a depth of approximately four centimeters. Which parameter of ultrasound would MOST influence the depth of tissue heating?
1. Intensity
2. Frequency
3. Effective radiating area
4. Beam nonuniformity ratio
Frequency.
30
A patient sustained a superficial wound that appears as a moderate abrasion on the anterior surface of their thigh approximately four inches above the superior pole of the patella. Which type of wound dressing would MOST likely be utilized?
1. Calcium alginate dressing
2. Hydrocolloid dressing
3. Hydrogel dressing
4. Transparent film dressing
Transparent film dressing
31
A physical therapist assistant notices two prominent tendons visible on the posterior surface of the left knee while a patient completes a leg curl exercise. As shown in the image, the visible medial and lateral tendons are MOST likely associated with which of the following muscles?
1. Semimembranosus and semitendinosus
2. Semitendinosus and biceps femoris
3. Popliteus and semitendinosus
4. Semimembranosus and biceps femoris
Semitendinosis and Biceps Femoris
32
A physical therapist assistant would like to monitor a patient with a history of recurrent dysrhythmias during selected formal exercise activities. Which of the following monitoring devices would be the MOST beneficial?
1. Pulmonary artery catheter
2. Electrocardiogram
3. Intracranial pressure monitor
4. Pulse oximeter
Electrocardiogram
33
A physical therapist assistant repeats several clinical tests on a patient with a C6 nerve root injury. Which of the following clinical findings should the assistant LEAST expect with this type of injury?
1. Diminished sensation on the anterior arm and the index finger
2. Weakness in the biceps and supinator muscles
3. Diminished deep tendon reflex response of the brachioradialis
4. Paresthesias of the long and ring fingers
Paresthesias of the long and ring fingers
Explanation
Page 761
34
A recent entry in the medical record indicates a patient exhibits dysdiadochokinesia. Based on the patient’s documented deficit, which activity should the physical therapist assistant expect to be the MOST difficult for the patient?
1. Alternate supination and pronation of the forearms
2. Perform a standing squat
3. March in place
4. Walk along a straight line
Alternate supination and pronation of the forearms
dysdiadochokinesia- inability to defined as the inability to perform rapid alternating muscle movements
35
A physical therapist assistant observes a patient utilize a suspensory strategy to regain their balance. Which active movement would be MOST characteristic of this postural strategy?
1. Trunk extension
2. Hip extension
3. Knee flexion
4. Ankle plantar flexion
Knee flexion-
Suspensory strategies explaination pg. 762
36
A physical therapist assistant prepares to measure the blood pressure of a patient who has a history of cardiac disease. Which of the following values describes the MOST appropriate rate to release the pressure when obtaining the blood pressure measurement?
1. 2-3 mm Hg per second
2. 3-5 mm Hg per second
3. 5-7 mm Hg per second
4. 8-10 mm Hg per second
2-3mm Hg per second
2-3 mm of mercury per second.
you want to drop the blood pressure rate slowly, not quickly. You wouldnt get a good measurement because you wouldnt be able to hear the sounds.
pg. 764
37
A physical therapist assistant performs a gross range of motion screening and determines a patient has excessive medial rotation and limited lateral rotation of the hip. Which alignment of the hip would be the MOST consistent with the identified findings?
1. 10 degrees of anteversion
2. 18 degrees of anteversion
3. 5 degrees of retroversion
4. 8 degrees of retroversion
18 degrees of anteversion.
explaination on pg. 764
38
A patient sustains a chemical burn on the cubital area of the elbow. What position would be the MOST appropriate for splinting of the involved upper extremity?
1. Elbow flexion and forearm pronation
2. Elbow flexion and forearm supination
3. Elbow extension and forearm pronation
4. Elbow extension and forearm supination
Elbow extension and forearm supination
39
A physical therapist assistant works on wheelchair mobility with a patient who has right-sided hemiparesis. Which of the following wheelchair adaptations would be the MOST beneficial for the patient to ensure safety during stand pivot transfers?
1. Anti-tip tubes
2. Pull-to wheel lock with brake extensions
3. Elevating leg rests
4. Removable full-length armrests
Pull to wheel lock with brake extensions
this applies the ability for a patient to receive more reach.
40
A physical therapist assistant performs gait training using crutches on a patient post total hip arthroplasty. The patient has orders for partial weight bearing. Which of the following gait patterns would be the MOST appropriate for this patient?
1. Four-point
2. Two-point
3. Three-point
4. Swing-to
three point
41
A physical therapist assistant performs resisted isometric testing on a patient. The patient reports feeling pain during the test, however, strength is normal. Which of the following conclusions regarding this test is the MOST likely?
1. A severe lesion such as a fracture
2. A minor lesion of a muscle or tendon
3. A complete rupture of a muscle or tendon
4. Intermittent claudication may be present
a minor lesion of a muscle or tendon.
42
A physical therapist assistant observes the standing posture of a patient from a lateral view. If the patient has normal postural alignment, which of the following anatomical reference points would be MOST appropriate for where the plumb line would fall?
1. Posterior to the lobe of the ear
2. Slightly anterior to the center of the hip joint
3. Slightly anterior to a midline through the knee
4. Slightly posterior to the lateral malleolus
Slightly anterior to midline through the knee.
```
plumb line:
through ear lobe
through shoulder
midway trunk
slightly anterior to greater trochanter
slightly anterior to midline of knee
slightly anterior to lateral malleolus
```
43
A patient who has shoulder pain of unknown etiology is referred by their physician for magnetic resonance imaging. Results of the test reveal a partial tear of the infraspinatus muscle. Which muscle group would be the MOST affected by this finding?
1. Shoulder lateral rotators
2. Shoulder medial rotators
3. Shoulder abductors
4. Shoulder adductors
Shoulder lateral rotators.
infraspinatus action: external/lateral rotation
44
A patient uses a fixed support strategy to control backward sway when in a standing position. Which muscle would MOST likely be activated first in this scenario?
1. Tibialis anterior
2. Gastrocnemius
3. Hamstrings
4. Paraspinals
tibialis anterior
45
A patient completing a resistive exercise program following an ankle injury reports to the physical therapist assistant that lifting weights often causes them to void small amounts of urine. Which of the following actions is the MOST appropriate for the assistant to take?
1. Refer the patient to a support group
2. Instruct the patient in pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercises
3. Discontinue resistive exercises as part of the established plan of care
4. Educate the patient about incontinence
Educate the patient about incontinence
reasoning behind:
You dont want to play physician because we do not know what the cause of the incontinence is. So, we would explain to them what incontinence is but we wouldnt jump right into exercises yet without knowing why it is happening.
46
A physical therapist assistant treats a patient post right CVA who exhibits “pusher syndrome.” When observing the patient’s posture in the sitting position, which of the following findings should the assistant MOST likely expect to detect?
1. Increased lean to the left along with increased weight bearing through the left buttocks
2. Increased lean to the right along with increased weight bearing through the right buttocks
3. Increased weight bearing through the right buttocks and the head rotated to the right; unresponsive to stimuli on the left
4. Unequal weight bearing and the head rotated to the left; unresponsive to stimuli on the right
Increased lean to the left along with increased weight bearing through the left buttocks.
pg. 772
47
A two-year-old who has T10 spina bifida receives physical therapy for gait training. Which of the following assistive devices should the physical therapist assistant use to teach a child how to maintain standing in the INITIAL stages of gait training?
1. Bilateral hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses (HKAFO) and forearm crutches
2. Parapodium and the parallel bars
3. Bilateral knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFO) and the parallel bars
4. Bilateral ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) and the parallel bars
parapodium and parallel bars
48
A patient who has a spinal cord injury develops a respiratory infection. Which of the following diagnoses would make the patient the MOST susceptible to respiratory problems?
1. Complete C4 tetraplegia
2. Cauda equina lesion
3. Brown-Sequard’s syndrome
4. Posterior cord syndrome
Complete C4 tetraplegia
49
A physical therapist assistant uses functional electrical stimulation as part of a treatment regimen designed to improve quadriceps strength. Which of the following ratios for on:off time would result in the MOST rapid onset of muscle fatigue?
1. 3:1
2. 1:4
3. 5:1
4. 1:6
5:1
50
A patient post radial head fracture has developed an elbow flexion contracture. Which of the following interventions is considered a passive exercise technique to increase range of motion?
1. Contract-relax
2. Hold-relax
3. Maintained pressure
4. Rhythmic stabilization
Maintained pressure
51
A physician instructs a patient to utilize a knee derotation brace for all athletic activities. Which of the following conditions would MOST warrant the use of this type of brace?
1. Medial meniscus repair
2. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
3. Anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency
4. Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Anterior Cruciate ligament Insufficiency
52
A physical therapist assistant instructs a patient to close their eyes and hold out one hand. The assistant places a series of different weights in the patient’s hand one at a time. The patient is then asked to identify the comparative weight of the objects. What sensory test has the assistant performed?
1. Barognosis
2. Graphesthesia
3. Recognition of texture
4. Stereognosis
Barognosis
Pg. 778
53
A physical therapist assistant works with a four-month-old infant. During mat activities the infant suddenly becomes unconscious. Which of the following arteries is the MOST appropriate for the assistant to palpate to assess the infant’s pulse?
1. Radial
2. Brachial
3. Popliteal
4. Carotid
Brachial
54
A physical therapist assistant performs ice massage on a patient who has infrapatellar tendonitis. The MOST appropriate treatment time for this procedure is typically how many minutes?
1. 3-5
2. 5-10
3. 10-15
4. 15-20
5-10 minutes
55
A physical therapist assistant observes a patient’s gait and identifies a lack of toe off. Which finding in the patient’s medical history would be MOST likely to contribute to this observation?
1. Vertigo
2. Lymphedema
3. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
4. Raynaud’s phenomenon
diabetes
56
A physical therapist assistant observes a patient complete
a standing arm curl with a dumbbell using the starting and ending positions as shown in the image. Which of the following scenarios would produce the MOST power?
1. Lifting a two pound dumbbell in two seconds
2. Lifting a two pound dumbbell in three seconds
3. Lifting a four pound dumbbell in one second
4. Lifting a four pound dumbbell in four seconds
Lifting a four pound dumbbell in one second
explanation
power: the amount of work divided by time.
more power is produced by higher amounts of weight in less time. the most power is generated by lifting a four pound dumbbell in one second.
57
A physical therapist assistant works with a patient who sustained a lesion to the long thoracic nerve. Which of the following objective findings should the assistant MOST expect as a result of this injury?
1. Decreased sensation on the lateral forearm
2. Atrophy of the deltoid muscle
3. Inability to elevate the arm overhead
4. Fair strength with shoulder extension
ability to lift arm overhead
58
A physical therapist assistant suspects that a patient’s chronic lower extremity swelling is due to lymphedema. Which of the following symptoms is the MOST consistent with the later stages of this condition?
1. Swelling that is relieved by elevation
2. Swelling proximal to the site of lymph dysfunction
3. Fibrotic changes of the dermis
4. Pitting edema
fibrotic changes to skin
pg.782
59
A physical therapist assistant notes that a newborn has extremely limited dorsiflexion. Which positional foot deformity would be the MOST likely with this range of motion limitation?
1. Calcaneovalgus
2. Metatarsus adductus
3. Syndactyly
4. Talipes equinovarus
Talipes Equinovarus
pg. 783
60
An older adult patient has difficulty communicating in physical therapy due to presbycusis. What intervention is the MOST appropriate to improve communication with the patient?
1. Speak with a louder voice
2. Speak in a higher tone
3. Speak with a lower voice
4. Speak in a lower tone
Speak in a lower tone.
presbycusis: the normal loss of auditory acuity that occurs in older age. Lower frequencies are preserved to a greater extent than the higher frequencies.
61
A patient who has diabetes mellitus is scheduled to walk approximately one half mile as part of a community fitness initiative. The physical therapist assistant checks the patient’s blood glucose level before initiating the activity and finds it is 100 mg/dL. The assistant should advise the patient with which of the following recommendations?
1. Proceed with performing the activity
2. Increase food intake with a fruit or bread exchange
3. Increase food intake with a half sandwich with fruit or milk
4. Do not exercise until the blood glucose is under better control
Proceed with performing the activity.
100 mg/dL is a safe level to begin exercise.
Safe blood glucose levels are anything under 140 mg/dL.
62
A physical therapist assistant treats a patient who sustained a right lateral ankle sprain less than six hours ago. The assistant contemplates the use of cold water immersion as a cryotherapeutic agent. What would be the PRIMARY limitation of this type of intervention?
1. Decreased cell metabolism
2. Excessive vasoconstriction of blood vessels
3. The involved extremity cannot be elevated
4. Decreased nerve conduction velocity
The involved extremity cannot be elevated.
when you are putting the foot into the water you are taking it out of an elevated state.
63
A physical therapist assistant treating a patient who has rheumatoid arthritis identifies the presence of hallux valgus. The patient reports pain and tenderness in the area of the great toe. Which of the following actions would be the MOST beneficial to address this condition?
1. Recommend a shoe with a wide toe box
2. Improve alignment of the great toe by using a metatarsal bar
3. Increase flexion range of motion of the great toe
4. Use a heel cup to redistribute forces
Recommend a shoe with a wide toe box.
64
A physical therapist assistant attempts to assess the integrity of the first cranial nerve. Which action should the assistant ask the patient to perform to complete this assessment?
1. Protrude the tongue
2. Complete a vision test
3. Perform a shoulder shrug
4. Identify familiar odors with the eyes closed
Identify familiar odors with the eyes closed.
Cranial nerve 1: olfactory: smell
65
A patient eight days post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a patellar tendon autograft is treated in physical therapy. Which of the following exercises would be the MOST appropriate based on the patient’s post-operative status?
1. Limited range isokinetics at 30 degrees per second
2. Unilateral leg press
3. Mini-squats in standing
4. Active knee extension in short sitting
mini squats in standing
66
A physical therapist assistant prepares to treat a patient who has impingement syndrome with iontophoresis. The assistant applies iontophoresis directly over the insertion of the supraspinatus muscle. What bony landmark should the assistant use to BEST find a point of reference to locate this tendon?
1. Lesser tubercle of the humerus
2. Greater tubercle of the humerus
3. Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
4. Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
The greater tubercle of the humerus
67
A physical therapist assistant participates in a study that examines the effect of goniometer size on the reliability of passive shoulder joint measurements. The assistant concludes that goniometric measurements of passive shoulder range of motion can be highly reliable when taken by a single therapist, regardless of the size of the goniometer. This finding is BEST described by which of the following terms?
1. Interrater reliability
2. Intrarater reliability
3. Internal validity
4. External validity
Intrarater reliability.
pg. 790
68
A physical therapist assistant applies a dressing to an area of skin
on a patient’s heel as a prophylactic measure to reduce the risk of skin breakdown in an area that was determined to be particularly susceptible. Which of the following types of dressings is the assistant MOST likely applying?
1. Calcium alginate
2. Hydrocolloid
3. Hydrogel
4. Transparent film
Transparent film
69
A physical therapist assistant works on mat activities to improve bed mobility and dressing independence with a patient diagnosed with C7 complete tetraplegia. Preserving tightness of which muscle groups would MOST benefit the patient’s functional potential?
1. Finger extensors and hamstrings
2. Finger flexors and low back
3. Wrist flexors and hamstrings
4. Wrist extensors and low back
finger flexors and low back
when the finger flexors are tight, the patient can use a tenodesis wrist extension grip to tighten them more in order to grasp objects.
tightness of the low back allowes for movement of the head and upper extremities while in long sitting. which can assist with functional mobility.
70
A physical therapist assistant attempts to identify a patient’s risk factors for coronary artery disease as part of a health screening. The patient’s heart rate is recorded as 78 beats per minute and blood pressure as 110/70 mm Hg. A recent laboratory report indicates a total cholesterol level of 170 mg/dL with high-density lipoproteins reported as 20 mg/dL and low-density lipoproteins as 110 mg/dL. Which of the following values would be considered atypical?
1. Heart rate
2. Blood pressure
3. High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
4. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
high density lipoproteins
71
A physical therapist assistant measures a patient’s shoulder medial rotation as 0–70 degrees and classifies the end-feel as firm. Which portion of the joint capsule is primarily responsible for the firm end-feel?
1. Anterior
2. Posterior
3. Inferior
4. Superior
Posterior
a firm end feel caused by the posterior joint capsule would most often be associated with medial rotation of the glenohumeral joint as the humeral head slides posteriorly on the glenoid fossa.
72
A physical therapist assistant implements a training program for a patient without cardiovascular pathology. The assistant calculates the patient’s age-predicted maximal heart rate as 175 bpm. Which of the following values would be the MOST appropriate target heart rate for the patient during cardiovascular exercise?
1. 93 beats per minute
2. 135 beats per minute
3. 169 beats per minute
4. 195 beats per minute
135 beats per minute
135 beats per minute is within the recommended range for exercise intensity. 135 peats per minute corresponds to 77% of the maximum heart rate.
73
A patient who has complete C5 tetraplegia works on a forward raise
for pressure relief. The patient utilizes loops that are attached to the back of the wheelchair to assist with the forward raise. Which of the following muscles would the patient MOST likely need to be particularly strong in order to be successful with this technique?
1. Brachioradialis and brachialis
2. Rhomboids and levator scapulae
3. Biceps and deltoids
4. Triceps and flexor digitorum profundus
biceps and deltoids
74
A patient two weeks post transtibial amputation is instructed by their physician to remain at rest for two days after contracting bronchitis. Which of the following positions is the MOST appropriate for the patient while in bed?
1. Supine with a pillow under the patient’s knees
2. Supine with a pillow under the patient’s thighs and knees
3. Supine with the legs extended
4. Sidelying in the fetal position
supine with legs extended
the biggest thing we want to think about with a transtibial amputation is KNEE FLEXION CONTRACTURE. So, we do not want a pillow underneath their knees.
All of the other answers are wrong because knees are flexed.
75
A patient uses patient-controlled analgesia with a lockout interval following an inpatient surgical procedure. Which medication would be MOST consistent with this delivery model?
1. Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
2. Baclofen (Lioresal)
3. Meperidine (Demerol)
4. Methotrexate (Trexall)
Meperidine (demerol)
lipitor: class anti-hyperlipidema agent
Baclophen: anti-spasticity. promotes relaxation.
Demerol: opiod
Trexall: disease modifying, slows rheumatic disease.
76
A physical therapist assistant reviews the past medical history of a patient who has recently been diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis. Which of the following medical conditions is MOST associated with an increased incidence of adhesive capsulitis?
1. Diabetes mellitus
2. Hemophilia
3. Peripheral vascular disease
4. Osteomalacia
Diabetes Mellulitis
one of the most common risk factors for adhesive capsulitis.
77
A patient exhibits a compensatory contralateral step-to gait pattern and persistent left knee pain. Which of the following conditions would MOST likely result in this type of long-term compensatory gait pattern?
1. Degenerative joint disease
2. Anterior cruciate ligament sprain
3. Osgood-Schlatter disease
4. Patellofemoral syndrome
degenerative joint disease.
78
A physical therapist assistant completes an upper quarter screening on a patient who has a suspected cervical spine lesion. Which of the following findings would NOT be expected with involvement of the C5 nerve root?
1. Muscle weakness in the supinator and wrist extensors
2. Diminished sensation in the deltoid area
3. Muscle weakness in the deltoid and biceps
4. Diminished biceps and brachioradialis reflexes
muscle weakness in the supinator and wrist extensors.
79
A physical therapist assistant uses neuromuscular electrical stimulation on a patient post open knee meniscectomy. What frequency of treatment is the MOST beneficial for the assistant to utilize when the goal is to promote strengthening?
1. Two times per day
2. One time per week
3. Three times per week
4. Once every two weeks
Three times per week
three times per week is a general guideline for strengthening activities. this frequency allows for adequate intensity and also sufficient rest time in order to minimize microtrauma and delay onset muscle soreness.
80
A physical therapist assistant assesses a patient’s present pain level and concludes that the current patient-controlled analgesia protocol is not adequate. Which of the following actions is the MOST appropriate for the assistant to take?
1. Modify the allowable medication dosage
2. Eliminate the lockout interval
3. Contact the patient’s nurse
4. Page the patient’s referring physician
Contact the patients nurse
81
An entry in the medical record indicates that a patient experienced hypovolemic shock. Which of the following conditions would MOST likely be associated with the development of hypovolemic shock?
1. Burns
2. Compartment syndrome
3. Myocardial infarction
4. Cardiac tamponade
Burns
hypovolemic shock: life-threatening condition caused by insufficient circulating blood volume. Most common causes: hemorrhage, or severe burns.
82
A patient sustains a deep laceration on the anterior surface of the forearm. The physical therapist assistant attempts to stop the bleeding by applying direct pressure over the wound, but is unsuccessful. The MOST appropriate action is for the assistant to attempt to apply compression over the pressure point of which of the following arteries?
1. Brachial
2. Femoral
3. Radial
4. Ulnar
Brachial
83
2.
A physical therapist assistant instructs a patient to perform a standing stretch as shown in the image. Which of the following structures is on the MOST stretch with this technique?
1. Horizontal abductors
2. Inferior capsule
3. Pectoralis major
4. Pectoralis minor
inferior capsule
84
A patient sustained a patella fracture in a motor vehicle accident and the knee is maintained in extension using a straight leg knee immobilizer. Which of the following gait deviations would MOST likely be caused by the use of this type of immobilizer?
1. Vaulting
2. Antalgic gait
3. Increased plantar flexion
4. Trendelenburg gait
Vaulting
vaulting is characterized by heel elevation during stance in combination with hip and knee extension. vaulting is performed to raise the pelvis in order to clear the contralateral limb during swing phase.
85
A physical therapist assistant observes a patient who sustained an injury to the musculocutaneous nerve complete a number of activities of daily living and functional skills. Which of the following tasks would be the MOST difficult for the patient to perform based on the stated injury?
1. Picking up marbles from the floor
2. Push-ups against a wall
3. Drinking from a gallon of milk
4. Holding the arm out to the side
drinking a gallon of milk..
this requires elbow flexion. since the musculocutaneous nerve supplies both the biceps and the brachialis this would be the most difficult for the patient.
86
A physical therapist assistant attempts to educate a patient by using their hands to demonstrate facet movement in the cervical spine. The assistant indicates that the upper facets
move bilaterally up and forward on the lower facets. This type of movement is characteristic of which of the following cervical motions?
1. Flexion
2. Extension
3. Sidebending
4. Rotation
Flexion
scorebuilders exam 1
flashcards
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