- Main cells of connective tissue(5)
* Main products (3)
Fibroblasts
Chondrocytes
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts
Stem cells, progenitor cells
Ground substance
Fibre
Wax and gel like substances
- Features of epithelial tissue (7)
- Layers of basement membrane
- Cell polarity
Answer
Four types of tissue
Epithelial
Muscle
Nerve
Connective
- What glands secrete sweat?
* How does shivering occur?
Answer
- When does positive feedback stop?
- When does negative feedback stop?
- Examples of both feedbacks
- Negative feedback loop
Ans
• Mild vs severe hypothermia
Mild : shivering, forgetfulness, confusion, muscle stiffness
Severe : shivering stops, slow and weak pulse, muscles become rigid
Severe reduction in response levels
• Ranges, effects and symptoms of diff core body temps
Ans
- Normal pH range + where it exists
- 2 organs responsible for maintaining acid base balance
- Effects of diff pH on body
Ans
- What leads to acidosis and alkylosis
- How to reverse each - respiratory and metabolic mechanisms
Bonus - risk with treatment of respiratory alkalosis
Ans
• Drawback of kidney metabolic response mechanism to acidosis and alkalosis
Ans
- Normal range for H+ in nm
* Change in H+ vs change in pH
44-36nm (for 7.35 - 7.45 pH)
Buffer systems - ICF and ECF
• Factors which contribute to antacid neutralising strength
• How does the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system work?
• Job of sodium phosphate buffer system
• What do all systems regulate
Ans
- Should know
- Alkalinity and solubility
- Important in blood, uses erythrocytes as intermediary
- Regulate intracellular pH and transport systems
- Water levels in cells.
• Description + use of arterial blood gas
Des : analysis of gases and pH in blood sample taken from arteries
Use : classifies imbalances
• Effects of too little or too much water in cells
Too lil : dehydration, cell and tissue death, organism death
Too much : toxicity, metabolic failure, cell and tissue death, organism death
Percentages and proportion of: Total body water ICF ECF interstitial fluid Plasma
*practice calculations with 75kg man
Trends of TBWater with age, fat and gender
6O% of TBWeight 2/3 of TBwater 1/3 of TBwater 80% of ECF 20% of ECF
Males > females
Younger > old
Skinny > fat
What happens if there’s no water?
Water is borrowed from interstitial space
Borrowed from cells and tissue, cell sacrifice
Borrowed from organs
Taken from brain, liver and lastly kidney and heart
What regulates aquaporin numbers
Amount of glycerol in cell
An isotonic solution
90% NaCl physiological - saline concentration used in IV drips
Osmolarity vs osmolality (4)
Ans
Nerve tissue consist of…
Neutrons and supporting cells
Expression of resolution
Ans
What is resolution?
The smallest distance by which two objects can be
separated and still be distinguishable as two separate objects.
Exocrine vs endocrine
Ducted vs ductless
Name of secretions are how they are secreted
Examples
Cells in gland that are secreting products
How low pH is maintained in non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Glycogen, lactobacillus, releases lactic acid
