Questions from Bone Module

Question 1

The neuro-cranium is comprised of…

Answer 1

…bone that form a bony box to hold the brain

Question 2

The viscero-cranium is comprised of…

Answer 2

…bones that form the facial skeleton

Question 3

What is the Splanchno-cranium?

Answer 3

bones that are formed in intramembranous ossification model

Question 4

What is the Chondro-cranium?

Answer 4

bones formed in the endo-chondral ossification model

Question 5

What is the Calvaria?

Answer 5

the roof of the cranium, mainly formed by parietal and frontal bones

Question 6

The Frontal bone forms the…

Answer 6

…forehead and the roof of the orbital cavity

Question 7

The orbital cavity is formed by which bones?

Answer 7

Frontal bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla, greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone, lacrimal bone

Question 8

On what bony ridge is the supra-orbital foramen (or notch) located? What bone is this?

Answer 8

Supra-orbital margin of the frontal bone

Question 9

On which bone is the infra-orbital foramen located?

Answer 9

Maxilla

Question 10

On which bone is the mental foramen located?

Answer 10

Mandible

Question 11

On which bone is the mastoid process located?

Answer 11

Temporal bone

Question 12

One which bone is the styloid process located?

Answer 12

Temporal bone

Question 13

The anterior cranial fossa of the cranial base is formed by which bones?

Answer 13

frontal, lesser wings of sphenoid, and cribriform plate of ethmoid

Question 14

The middle cranial fossa of the cranial base is formed by which bones?

Answer 14

greater wings of sphenoid and temporal bones

Question 15

The posterior cranial fossa of the cranial base is formed by which bones?

Answer 15

temporal and occipital bones

Question 16

How many pairs of ribs are in the body?

Answer 16

12

Question 17

How many ribs are (a) True ribs? (b) False ribs? (c) Floating ribs? What do these terms mean?

Answer 17

a. Ribs 1-7 are true ribs - they attach to the sternum via their own costal cartilage
b. Ribs 8-10 are false ribs - they attach to the sternum via the 7th costal cartilage
c. Ribs 11 & 12 are floating - they have no anterior attachment

Question 18

What is the structural difference between the superior and inferior borders of the ribs?

Answer 18

Superior is rounded, inferior is sharp that overhangs

Question 19

The costal groove is formed from what part of the rib?

Answer 19

the inferior border

Question 20

How do the ribs articulate with the vertebral column?

Answer 20

They articulate with their numerically corresponding vertebral body (e.g., Rib 5 articulates with TV) and that of the vertebra immediately above (TIV). The tubercle of the rib also articulates with the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra.

Question 21

The first rib has 2 grooves that house which structures? What structure separates these 2 grooves?

Answer 21

The subclavian vein (inferior) and the subclavian artery (superior). The grooves are separated by the scalene tubercle.

Question 22

How does the first rib articulate with the vertebral column?

Answer 22

Only the head articulates at 1 point on the body of TI

Question 23

Ribs 11 & 12 differ in their articulation with the vertebral column from the other ribs how?

Answer 23

They only articulate at 1 point with the body of their corresponding vertebra (similar to rib 1)

Question 24

What are the components of the sternum from superior to inferior?

Answer 24

Manubrium, Body, and Xyphoid process

Question 25

The first rib articulates with which component of the sternum?

Answer 25

Manubrium

Question 26

What are the common features of Cervical vertebrae?

Answer 26

1. Small body 2. triangular vertebral foramen 3. Have transverse foramina 4. Have bifurcated spinous processes 5. Have lateral and anterior "lips"/uncinate processes

Question 27

What structures are not present on the Atlas that are present in other cervical vertebrae?

Answer 27

No body, no laminae, and no pedicles.

Question 28

What structures are present on the Atlas that are not present on other cervical vertebrae?

Answer 28

Lateral masses (with articular processes, and tubercles for transverse ligament), anterior arch (with articular surface) and posterior arch.

Question 29

What are the common features of Thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 29

1. Medium sized, heart shaped body 2. Relatively small, circular vertebral foramen 3. Long spinous processes inclined downward 4. Costal facets present on the sides of the bodies and on the transverse processes 5.

Question 30

Which thoracic vertebrae do not have articular facets on the transverse processes?

Answer 30

TXI and TXII (ribs only have attachments on the bodies here)

Question 31

What are the directions of the superior vs. inferior articular processes of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 31

superior - backward and laterally inferior - forward and medially

Question 32

What are the common features of Lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 32

1. Large, kidney shaped body 2. Thick laminae 3. Large, triangle shaped vertebral foramen 4. long, slender transverse processes (TP) 5. Short, flat spinous processes 6. There is an accessory process on the base of the posterior surface of the TPs 7. There is a mamillary process located at the posterior margin of the superior articular process

Question 33

What are the directions of the superior vs. inferior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 33

superior - medial inferior - lateral

Question 34

Which posterior articular surface of the patella is larger?

Answer 34

Lateral

Question 35

What is the largest tarsal bone?

Answer 35

Calcaneus

Question 36

Which articular surfaces of the calcaneus are sometimes fused together?

Answer 36

Middle and anterior

Question 37

Which 2 tarsal bones articulate with the calcaneus?

Answer 37

Talus (superiorly) and cuboid (anteriorly)