What are the 4 main LA’s used?
- Lignocaine 2%
- Articaine HCl 4%
- Prilocaine HCl 3%
- Mepivicaine 3% plain
What LA doesn’t have a vasoconstrictor in it?
Mepvicaine 3%
What is the vasoconstrictor in Lignocaine 2%?
Adrenaline 1:80,000
What is the vasoconstrictor in Prilocane 3%?
Octapressin (Felypressin)
What is the vasoconstrictor in Articaine 4%?
Adrenaline
1: 100,000
1: 200,000
1: 400,000
What injections can Lignocaine 2% (lidocaine) be used for?
- infiltration
- IDB
- Inta-ligamentary
- Mental block
What injections can Articaine 4% be used for?
- Infiltration
- Intra-ligamentary
- Mental block
What injections can Prilocaine 3% be used for?
- Infiltration
- IDB
- Intra-ligamentary
- Mental block
What injections can Mepivicaine 3% plain be used for ?
Infiltration
IDB
Intra-ligamentary
Mental block
Which LA cannot be used in pregnant women and why?
Prilocaine HCl 3% because its vasoconstrictor octapressin (felypressin) can induce labour (more theoretical risk but still dont use it)
What is the max safe dose for Lidocaine (lignocaine HCl 2%)?
4.4mg/kg
What is the max safe dose of Articaine HCl 4%?
7mg/kg
What is the max safe dose of Prilocaine HCl 3%?
6mg/kg
What is the max safe dose of mepivicaine?
3mg/kg
What is the duration of anaesthesia like for lidocaine?
Infiltration = 60mins
IDB = 90 mins
Soft tissues = 180-300mins
What is the duration of anaesthesia like for articaine?
Infiltration = 120mins
Soft tissues = 180-300mins
What is the duration of anaesthesia like for Prilocaine?
Infiltration = 30-45mins
IDB = 60mins
Soft tissues = 180-360mins
What is the duration of anaesthesia like for Mepivicaine?
Infiltration = 20mins
IDB = 40mins
Soft tissues = 120mins
What are some local complications of LA?
- Failure to achieve anaesthesia
- Prolonged anaesthesia
- Pain (during and after)
- Trismus
- haemorrhage
- Temporary facial palsy
- Infection
- Soft tissue damage
- Needle stick injury
What are some possible systemic complications of LA?
- Allergy (mainly to preservatives)
- Loss of consciousness
- Respiratory depression
- Circulatory collapse
- Octapressin inducing labour
What mode of anaesthesia would you use for the dental pulp in the maxilla?
Buccal infiltration
What mode of anaesthesia would you use for the buccal gingivae in the maxilla?
Buccal infiltration
What mode of anaesthesia would you use for the palatal gingivae?
Palatal infiltration
What mode of anaesthesia would you use for the molar and second premolar region in the mandible?
IDB
