when did nursing science begin to develop its own body of knowledge?
After WW2. Historically nursing often applied the knowledge of other disciplines which tended to stall the development of the unique discipline
whats the evolution of the discipline?
Nursing knowledge became the key focus of exploration- looking into how we know what we know and what nursing is
what did the exploration of nursing knowledge include?
- What is the focus and scope of nursing?
- How is nursing different than other healthcare professions?
- What is the appropriate disciplinary knowledge for professional nursing practice?
whats nursing as a profession?
- provide service to humankind
- profession is the art of nursing
- specialized education
- everything is weaved together onto the patients and they benefit from it.
whats nursing as a discipline?
- branch of knowledge
- science of nursing
- discipline expands the knowledge about human experiences
- includes the frameworks, the theories
Define inquiry
An act of asking for information
define positivist research?
The study of society that relies specifically on scientific evidence (experiments and statistics) to reveal a true nature of how society operates
define metacognition
Awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes
define informatics
The study of the structure, behaviour, and interactions of natural and engineered computational systems
define Research methodology
It is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic.
what are the three levels of critical thinking?
basic, complex, and commitment
what is Basic Critical Thinking?
thinking is concrete on a set of rules and principles
what is complex critical thinking?
- begin to analyze and examine choices more independently
- willing to consider other options, including patient preferences regarding care, in addition to routine procedures
what is commitment critical thinking?
-anticipate the need to make choices without assistance from other professionals (you choose an action or belief and stand by your choice)
what are the five components of critical thinking?
knowledge base, experience, competencies, attitudes and standards
describe knowledge base
-nurses must possess a sound knowledge base to think critically, formulate accurate clinical judgements and decisions, and improve clinical practice
describe experience
- critical thinking skills go beyond the basic level
- also learn to seek new knowledge as needed, act quickly when events change, and make quality decisions that promote patient’s health/well-being.
describe general critical thinking competencies and what are examples?
- cognitive processes that a nurse uses to make judgements about the clinical care of patients
ex. scientific method, problem solving, and decision making
what do specific critical thinking competencies include?
-include diagnostic reasoning, clinical inference, and clinical decision making
what is diagnostic reasoning?
-process of determining a patient’s health status after you make a physical and behavioural observations and also after you assign meaning to the behaviours, physical signs, and symptoms
what is clinical reasoning?
describes the cognitive process of thinking about patient issues, making inferences, and deciding on the actions to be implemented in a particular situation
describe attitudes?
-attitudes determine how a successful critical thinker approaches a problem or a situation that necessitates decision making
describe the two types of standards: intellectual and professional
- intellectual standard= a guideline or principle for rational thought
- professional standard= ethical criteria for nursing judgements, evidence informed criteria for evaluation, and criteria for professional responsibility.
what are clinical judgments influenced by?
influenced by the context in which the situation occurs and the culture of the nursing care unit
