Quiz 3

Question 1

What factors determine how much of the recorder audio gets transcribed

Answer 1

1. The amount of time at hand
2. Amount of data to transcribe
3. Amount of $ to hire transcribers
4. Quality of audio

Question 2

T or F : MS-Word aligns the transcription text with the audio

Answer 2

F - it is a simple word processor but it doesn’t mean that it aligns

Question 3

Types of software : ELAN - what are the pros

Answer 3

1. Transcribing video data
2. Allows many tiers

Question 4

Types of software : PRAAT - what are the pros

Answer 4

1. One of easiest ways to transcribe audio data
2. Transcription is time-aligned with AUDIO
3. Allows many tiers for diff levels to annotate

Question 5

What are the 3 symbol systems for transcription

Answer 5

1. IPA
2. SAMPA
3. ARPAbet

Question 6

Symbol systems - what does SAMPA use and WHY pick it?

Answer 6

ASCII characters to rep. phonetic symbols
It simplifies IPA symbols for easy use in computer systems
Earlier software systems had limited ability to handle IPA symbols

Question 7

Symbol systems - what does ARPAbet use and WHEN is it used? WHY pick it?

Answer 7

1. ARPAbet uses a certain set of ASCII characters per phoneme - 2-3 LETTER CODE
2. Used in text-to-speech systems
3. Simplifies English phonemes for the use of speech tech
4. Makes an easier integration of speech synthesis

Question 8

When deciding how much of a recorded interview to transcribe, which of the following processes should be considered to ensure efficient and meaningful data usage?
A. The quality of the interviewer’s questions and how much they contribute to the conversation.
B. The type of symbol system chosen (e.g., SAMPA vs. ARPAbet).
C. The balance between data transcription depth and the project’s purpose, time
constraints, and budget.
D. The need for code-switching analysis within the transcript.

Answer 8

C. The balance between data transcription depth and the project’s purpose, time
constraints, and budget.

Question 9

What are resonance frequencies?

Answer 9

Literally frequencies that are more resonant, they turn into what we call FORMANTS

Question 10

T or F : our vocal folds generate a LOT of frequencies, but only some of them get through

Answer 10

True - some of them amplified and others get dampened

Question 11

What are amplified frequencies?

Answer 11

Formants

Question 12

F0 = ? = ?

Answer 12

F0 = fundamental frequency = harmonic 1

Question 13

What is the difference in peaks between a broad and narrow band spectrum

Answer 13

Broad - peak of general formant
Narrow - peak of each harmonic (component)

Question 14

Ella wants to know how many component frequencies are available under 1000 Hz. What type of spectrum would you suggest to try?
A. narrowband
B. wideband
C. either will be good

Answer 14

A. narrowband

Question 15

James has generated a narrowband spectrum of an [u] vowel. Which of the following is true?
A. he has no way to estimate the frequency of the third formant
B. he has enough info to find the frequency of the F0

Answer 15

B. he has enough info to find the frequency of the F0

Question 16

What is vowel normalization? How do we achieve it?

Answer 16

Techniques that account for the variation in our vocal tracts
- using Z-SCORES

Question 17

What are two reasonings from speaker variability?

Answer 17

1. Physiology
2. Dialects

Question 18

Goals of vowel normalization (4 main ones)

Answer 18

1. Preserve sociolinguistic diffs in vowel quality
2. Preserve phon. distinctions among vowels
3. Eliminate physiological variation caused by mouth size
4. Model cog processes in vowel normalization

Question 19

What are the 4 types of vowel normalization techniques? think 2 V & 2S

Answer 19

1. Vowel intrinsic method
2. Vowel extrinsic method
3. Speaker-Intrinsic
4. Speaker-Extrinsic Method

Question 20

Vowel intrinsic method + example

Answer 20

1. Vowel intrinsic method - use info from a single vowel TOKEN (can be many speakers)
   - Formant Frequency Adjustments : adjusting F values based on AVERAGE values for sim. speakers

Question 21

Vowel extrinsic method + e.g.

Answer 21

use info of F values across diff vowels of the same person
- Grand Mean Norm : normali. vowels using a GRAND mean calculated from ALL V’s by the person

Question 22

Speaker intrinsic + e.g.

Answer 22

normalize based on data from a SINGLE person’s V’s
- Individual Speaker Baseline : making a baseline for F freqs specific to an individual speaker

Question 23

Speaker extrinsic + e.g.

Answer 23

Speaker-Extrinsic Methods: taking data from MANY speakers
- Mean Adjustment Method : normalize using mean values taken from MANY speakers

Question 24

Stops : Hawaiian is know for what KIND of stops?

Answer 24

voiceless

Question 25

What are the (3-4) main acoustic parts of stops?

Answer 25

1. Time of closure 2. VOT - combined by prevoicing and aspiration 3. Formant transition

Question 26

T or F : during the making of a stop, at a complete closure, the velar port is OPEN

Answer 26

F - has to be closed

Question 27

What happens to the pressure buildup behind the constriction spot when then is a release?

Answer 27

It gets equalized

Question 28

The _____ vibrations and _____ open __________ are gestures that can help create DIFF kinds of stops What kinds?

Answer 28

1. Vocal fold 2. wide; vocal folds Voiced and voiceless

Question 29

Bella needs to transcribe some audio files where she wants to annotate the sounds with multiple layers of information/coding. She also needs to make sure in her annotation that the beginning and ending of all the phonetic segments are marked with clear boundaries showing timing information. Which of the following option will not work for her purpose? (One correct answer.) A. MS Word B. Praat TextGrid C. ELAN D. None of the above will work, in fact

Answer 29

A. MS Word

Question 30

How is the SAMPA transcription system different from the ARPAbet convention? (One correct answer.) A. SAMPA is primarily used for American English transcription, while ARPAbet is used for British English. B. SAMPA uses only ASCII characters, while ARPAbet uses both ASCII and special symbols. C. ARPAbet represents phonemes with two- or three-letter codes based on American English, while SAMPA closely follows IPA conventions with simpler ASCII characters. D. ARPAbet provides a wider range of phonetic symbols than SAMPA.

Answer 30

B. SAMPA uses only ASCII characters, while ARPAbet uses both ASCII and special symbols.

Question 31

John is planning to use DARLA (Dartmouth Linguistic Automation) to annotate 10 audio files. What things would John be able to perform with DARLA? (Two correct answers.) A. John needs to upload a transcription TextGrid having only a single tier. B. John will be able to upload all his 10 files at a single step instead of one file at a time, but it will take more time for DARLA to return the aligned TextGrids. C. DARLA will return a TextGrid having exactly two different tiers. D. DARLA will return two separate TextGrids with time-aligned annotations for individual words as well as phonemes.

Answer 31

A. John needs to upload a transcription TextGrid having only a single tier. C. DARLA will return a TextGrid having exactly two different tiers.

Question 32

Mary is studying some vowels and she is curious what kind of information a broadband sprectrum can provide? Which of the following can Mary do with a broadband sprectrum? (Two correct answers.) A. Identify the frequencies of all the harmonics below 5000 Hz B. Identify the frequencies of all the formants below 6000 Hz C. Find our how loud (i.e., amplitude) a component frequency was in the sound signal D. Identify the frequency of the fundamental frequency (~pitch) for the speaker

Answer 32

B. Identify the frequencies of all the formants below 6000 Hz

Question 33

John is curious how he can generate a narrowband spectrum in Praat. (One correct answer.) He needs to specify... A. the Window length as 0.005 or less under Formant settings C. the Window length as 0.005 or less under Spectrogram settings D. the Window length as 0.030 or more under Spectrogram settings E. the Window length as 0.030 or more under Formant settings

Answer 33

D. the Window length as 0.030 or more under Spectrogram settings

Question 34

Which of the following are true? (Two correct answers.) A. Even though spectra and spectrograms look dramatically different, they are both based on the same underlying information. B. Compared to spectrograms, spectra make it easier to see the dynamic changes throughout the vowel C. Spectra show frequency information at a single point in time, while spectrograms display frequency changes over time. D. Unlike spectra, spectrograms do not show information about the amplification of frequencies.

Answer 34

A. Even though spectra and spectrograms look dramatically different, they are both based on the same underlying information. C. Spectra show frequency information at a single point in time, while spectrograms display frequency changes over time.