Bio LEC 94 > QUIZ 3 > Flashcards

QUIZ 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Animals evolved ____ my from ____

A

800 my from single-cell eukaryotes

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2
Q

Eukaryotes include protists who are:

A
  • Amebozoa
  • Choanoflagellates
  • Excavata
  • Algae
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3
Q

METOZOANS=

A

ANIMALS

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4
Q

WHAT TYPIFIES AN ANIMAL?

A
  • MULTICELLULAR CHEMOORGANOHETEROTROPHY
  • LACK CELL WALLS
  • TRUE TISSUES (ECTO, MESO, ENDO)
  • ECM (PROTEINS+POLYSACCHARIDES)= CELL ADHESION & COMMUNICATION
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5
Q

PORIFERA= SPONGES LACK

A

TRUE TISSUE BUT ARE MULTICELLULAR

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6
Q

ANIMAL ANCESTOR IS?

A

CHOANOFLAGELLATES
- Belong Opisthokonta: fungi, animals, and them.
- protists (single cell or colonies)

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

Porifera

A
  • No true tissue
  • Clusters of cells
  • Sessile
  • suspension feeders
    Phylum= Animalia
    Thrive in low Oxygen
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9
Q

Diploplasty

A
  • Next step in evolution ( after Ponifera= cluster cells)
  • Ecto and Endo dermis
    Includes: Ctenophora (comb jellies)
    Cnidaria ( jellyfish and corals)
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10
Q

Ctenophora

A

Comb jellies
Nerves
Cilia for motion
Predators

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11
Q

When did animals evolved?

A

510 my cambrian

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12
Q

Cambrian Explosion

A

Simultaneous appearance of metozoan phyla in fossil record (metoroans evolved before
cambrian but until expl osion fossils became carbon actions = fossilizable

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

Contributor to cambrian
Explosion

A
  • Free oxygen (cyanobacteria and algae )
  • New niches ( larger animals =new biotic niches → parasites on parrows)
  • Coevolution ( Antagonistic= larger bodies and skeletazation)
  • HOX genes
    1) Homeotic genes= Fate of group of cells
    2) Homeosis= changing location of
    structure= body plan modified
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15
Q

Deep Homology
occurs when convergent
evolution of traits involves

A

Homologous
tool-kit genes

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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Tool-kit genes
are

A

Developmental genes that establish body plan by duplication and
divergence
(regulation of timing of strenght of gene expression)

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18
Q

Opisthokonts

A

Clade of heterotrophic
organisms that i include fungi, ponifera
animals

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19
Q

Paedomorphis

A

Organism retains juvenile traits
into adult version → Dog , juvenile wolf)

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20
Q

Peramorphosis

A

Organism development is extended beyond en point ancestors = exaggerated /extended adult
traits

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21
Q

Cnidaria

A

Jellyfish and corals
-Diploblast
- HOX genes
Nerves and muscle
Radially symmetrical
Mutualist w/ protists = protists leave they
die

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22
Q

Homeosis

A

Body plan is modified ( change location of body
parts)

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23
Q

Tripoblasty

A

3rd step in animalia
evol.
- Ecto = epidermis and N.S
- EndO = lining digestive tract
_ mesoderm: muscle and organs

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24
Q

Metozoans have =

A

Coelom , bilateral symmetry

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25
Protostomes=
2 radiations 1) Lopho tro cho zoan = Platy hel minthes , Annelida and Mollusca 2) Ecdysozoa = Arthropodd Tube within tube"
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HeterochronY
Change in timing of developmental steps
29
Evo- Devo
Study how embryos develop and how changes in development impact evolution.
30
Molluska
Protostone → Lophotrocho2od - Foot muscular - visceral mass - Mantle - Radula (feeding structure)
31
Subclades of Molluska
- Bivalvia= clams & oyster - Gastropod0= Snail & slug - Cephalopoda= Octupusa squid
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Aposematism
Physical trait that organisms display to avoid predation → slugs= eat toxic sponges= bright colors → Fungi =red color= toxin
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Batesian Mimicry
Exhibit non-toxic aposematism
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Mimicry
One specie evolves to reassemble another
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Ecdysozoa
2nd radiation of protostomes (lophotrochozoa & them) +Molting +cuticle/ exoskeleton includes: -nematoda -tardigrada -onychophora -arthropoda
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Nematoda
protostomes--> ecdysozoa--->nematoda (round worms) +pseudocoelomate +no segmentation +wet places +scavangers, parasites, and detrivores.
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arthropoda
protostomes-->ecdyzoans--> arthropoda +jointed limbs +segmented bodies--> hox genes +exoskeleton
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hemimetatabolous
incomplete metamorphosis nymphs reseamble adults but smaller
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holometabolous
complete metamorphosis in each stage it looks different larva-->pupal-->adult
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segmantation is result of
convergent evolution and homology
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crustacea
protostomes-->Ecdysozoa--> arthropoda--> crustacea +coelomate +varying tagmata +all feeding strategies
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chelicerata
arthropoda-->chelicerata spiders and scorpions +multiple legs
44
insecta
arthropodos-->crustacea--> insecta +walking legs, antenneae, eyes, wings.
45
insects
flight 380 mya atypical dispersal=speciation coevolution w/ angiosperms radition mouth parts: chewing, piercing-sucking, siphoning, sponging
46
bivalvia
lophotrochozoa-->mollusca-->bivalvia clams, oysters & mussels gills, eyes, shell scavangers (no radula) sessile
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gastropoda
lophotrochozoa--> mollusca--> gastropoda "belly feet" snails and slugs radula, shells and vision, muscular foot.
48
cephalopoda
"head feet" squid and octupus brain, eyes, appendages, radula
49
Deuterostomes
animals-->bilaterians-->deuterostomes ANUS FIRST (protostomes mouth first) two phylums: - echinodermata -chordata
50
echinodermata
seastars +vascular system involved in: -respiration -circulation -movement -prey capture
51
chordata
BIG 4 CHORDATE TRAITS 1) PHARYNGEAL SLITS 2) NERVE CORD (DORSAL) 3) NOTOCHORD (ALONG BODY) 4) POST-ANAL TAIL VERTABRATES VS. INVERTABRATES
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INVERTABRATES
ANIMALS--> BILATERIANS--> DEUTEROSTOMES--> CHORDATA--> INVERTABRATES CEPHALOCHORDATES: LANCELET
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VERTEBRATES
ANIMALIA--DEUTEROUSTOMES-- CHORDATES-- VERTABRATES three part braim and vertabrate sensory structures --> hangfish, lampreys, shark, BONY FISH, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, MAMMALS
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1ST to develop jaws
placoderms
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coelacanths
walk on bottom ocean with muscular fins
56
bony endoskeleton
mesodermanal origin next step evolution
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actinopterygii
ray-finned fish= ossified skeleton lungs=swim bladder
58
tetrapods
vertebrates with two sets of limbs containing digits
59
late devonian tetrapods
amphibia (370 mya) carboniferous climate= warm and humid
60
amniotic egg
amniote=vertabrate that produces eggs. 4 membranes - allantois: contains waste - amnion: contains embryo - yolk sac: contains nutrients - albumen: water and mechanical support
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amniote skull patterns
- anapsis: no whole for muscle attachment - synapsid: one fenestra - diapsid: two fenestre
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amniote radiation
paleozoic: synapsis dominant land vertabrates
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amniote raditon
dry mesozoic water conservation: uric acid and glandless skin
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dinosaurs
dominant mesozoic diapsids on land 80% wiped ou during cretaceous-paleogene but maniraptors (coelosauria)
65
feathers
endothermy + other adaptations: loss teeth, hollow bones, and fewer.
66
reptiles
survivors of k/p extintion
67
mammal adaptations
lactation + placenta (enviromental stability, protection, mobility)
68
mammalia (class)
hair/fur mammary glands 1) monotremes (hatched from eggs) 2) marsupials (embryonic birth) 3) eutherians (developed at birth)
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crus
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