Roadway lighting primarily aims to:
A. Beautify the environment
B. Enhance driver comfort and visibility
C. Reduce construction costs
D. Increase electricity usage
B. Enhance driver comfort and visibility
The term “luminance” refers to:
A. The total light emitted by a source
B. The luminous intensity per unit area in a specific direction
C. The power consumption of a luminaire
D. The reflection of light from road markings
B. The luminous intensity per unit area in a specific direction
Which of the following is not a component of a typical roadway lighting system?
A. Luminaire
B. Lighting pole
C. Transformer bank
D. Photometric control system
C. Transformer bank
What unit is used to measure illuminance on a road surface?
A. Candela (cd)
B. Lumen (lm)
C. Lux (lx)
D. Watt (W)
A. Candela (cd)
The Uniformity Ratio (UR) in lighting design expresses:
A. The ratio of maximum to average illuminance
B. The ratio of minimum to average illuminance
C. The power-to-lumens efficiency
D. The height of the pole to its spacing
B. The ratio of minimum to average illuminance
The mounting height (H) of luminaires primarily affects:
A. Glare and spacing
B. Power factor
C. Cable loss
D. Road temperature
A. Glare and spacing
When luminaires are mounted on both sides of the roadway but staggered, this arrangement is most suitable for:
A. Narrow streets
B. Wide roads or highways
C. Parking areas
D. Residential zones
B. Wide roads or highways
he maintenance factor (MF) accounts for:
A. Wind pressure on poles
B. Light depreciation and dirt accumulation
C. Electrical faults
D. Lamp replacement frequency
B. Light depreciation and dirt accumulation
In road lighting, the average maintained illuminance (Em) should satisfy:
A. Luminance uniformity only
B. Minimum energy usage
C. Standards set by IES or DPWH classification
D. Random visual comfort requirements
C. Standards set by IES or DPWH classification
For a collector road, the typical recommended illuminance level is approximately:
A. 5 lux
B. 10 lux
C. 15 lux
D. 20 lux
C. 15 lux
Local roads generally require:
A. High luminance and wide spacing
B. Moderate luminance and closer spacing
C. Low luminance and minimal glare
D. Uniform lighting regardless of use
B. Moderate luminance and closer spacing
Expressways are classified as:
A. Minor roads
B. Major arterials
C. Intermediate roads
D. Local roads
B. Major arterials
The glare index measures:
A. The thermal effect of lamps
B. The discomfort caused by bright sources
C. The total road reflectance
D. The pole alignment accuracy
B. The discomfort caused by bright sources
ntersections and pedestrian crossings require:
A. Lower illuminance
B. Equal illuminance as main roads
C. Higher illuminance than adjacent roads
D. Zero luminance
C. Higher illuminance than adjacent roads
The total luminous flux emitted by a lamp is measured in:
A. Lux
B. Candela
C. Lumen
D. Kelvin
B. Candela
The cut-off angle of a luminaire is designed to:
A. Increase glare
B. Control light distribution and avoid upward spill
C. Raise luminous intensity
D. Reduce voltage drop
B. Control light distribution and avoid upward spill
The formula for illuminance (E) on a surface is:
A. E = I × D
B. E = I / D²
C. E = L × H
D. E = V × I
B. E = I / D²
The Spacing-to-Height Ratio (S/H) is important because:
A. It determines glare uniformity
B. It defines light color temperature
C. It dictates energy consumption
D. It affects pole installation cost only
A. It determines glare uniformity
A lower S/H ratio typically indicates:
A. Better uniformity but higher cost
B. Poor uniformity but cheaper installation
C. No impact on uniformity
D. Longer spacing between poles
A. Better uniformity but higher cost
The average road luminance (Lavg) is calculated using:
A. Lavg = ρ × Eavg / π
B. Lavg = π / (ρ × Eavg)
C. Lavg = Eavg × D
D. Lavg = Eavg / H
D. Lavg = Eavg / H
According to standard design guidelines, vehicular roads require:
A. Higher uniformity and luminance
B. Lower uniformity and glare control only
C. Daylight color lighting
D. No specific illuminance control
A. Higher uniformity and luminance
Pedestrian pathways and parks generally use:
A. High-pressure sodium lamps
B. Metal halide lamps
C. LED luminaires with low mounting height
D. Floodlight projectors
C. LED luminaires with low mounting height
The color rendering index (CRI) measures:
A. Light intensity
B. Color temperature
C. The fidelity of color appearance under illumination
D. The luminous efficacy
C. The fidelity of color appearance under illumination
