1
Q
Marginal plants can survive in colder climates with the help of
A
A thick layer of mulch, the use of burlap wrapping and watering prior to dormancy
2
Q
Four requirements for seed germination are:
A
air, water, light, temperature
3
Q
T/F: Wind exposures result in water loss through leaf surfaces
A
True
4
Q
Native BC Coastal Plants will grow well
A
in cultural conditions resembling their native habitat
5
Q
Plants that don’t grow in their preferred environment
A
are more susceptible to disease, will often not achieve their best form and will exhibit symptoms of discontent
6
Q
According to the 1990 USDA hardiness zones, Vancouver’s hardiness zone is
A
8
7
Q
A short day plant flowers
A
when day length is less than 12 hours
8
Q
Winter plant damage often occurs when
A
Plants pruned too late in the season, Use of high nitrogen late in season and Transpiration when ground is frozen
9
Q
Which of the following conditions would result in a cooler microclimate
A
Low lying shaded area
10
Q
Natural Factors that affect plant stress are:
A
Temperature, soil, light; Wind, salt, pH; and Drainage, moisture, early or late frost
11
Q
In photosynthesis, plants make
A
carbohydrates
12
Q
When naming plants which order is correct
A
genus, species, variety
13
Q
Cation exchange capacity refers to the electrical polarity of
A
clay and organic matter
14
Q
Most new landscape soils are a made up of a % of sand and some % of composted bark. What would you expect from this type of man made soil?
A
neutral pH, high sand, good drainage, poor nutrient holding ability
15
Q
The pH of soils in areas of high rainfall (like Vancouver) are naturally
A
acidic
16
Q
Mineral soil is made up of these three components
A
sand, silt, clay
17
Q
Landscapers use lime to
A
adjust soil pH to suit grass
18
Q
How much pore space should the ideal soil have?
A
50%
19
Q
Soil can be compacted by which of following practices
A
working with it when its wet, driving heavy equipment on it, walking on it
20
Q
Which of the following soil types have the best nutrient holding capacity
A
organic matter and clay
21
Q
Soil that absorbs water slowly
A
Clay soil
22
Q
The best way to improve the workability (tilth) of any soil is to
A
add organic matter
23
Q
When blowing out an irrigation system with compressor the first thing that should be done is?
A
Turn off main water,
turn off back flow preventer,
hook up compressor,
open valves one by one starting with furthest
24
Q
A Backflow preventer is also called a:
A
Anti Siphon Valve
Double Check Valve
Dual Check Valve
25
A break is found in an irrigation system. The schedule shows no zones are on but the water is still pouring out of the lines. What does this mean and what should you do?
The break is before the valves and you should turn off the main water line
26
T/F: Pop up shrub sprinklers use less water than impact sprinklers so they can be scheduled for longer durations than the impact or gear sprinklers.
False
27
Plants take up 70% of their water in what portion of their root system?
Top 1/2 of their roots
28
Which soil type is least able to hold water?
Sandy Soils
29
T/F: Irrigation Schedules should be set up in the spring and left till the fall at which time the system is turned off.
False
30
Evaporation loss and water needs of a plant increases in what conditions?
Full Shade
Full Sun
Wind Exposure
31
T/F: When blowing out an irrigation system the higher the pressure the better the blowout.
False (Feedback pressure should be kept below 80 psi)
32
Compaction is
directly related to drainage problems
33
The best soil amendment is
compost
34
The letters N P K on the fertilizer container stand for
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
35
A sandy soil will feel
gritty
36
Organic fertilizers are made from
green waste
mined minerals (rock dust)
ground and pelleted plants or animals
37
Which kind of fertilizers are less likely to cause serious damage to plants if over applied
Organic fertilizers
38
Which of these statements is true
the finer the lime the faster it works
lime only changes the pH in the top inch or so of the soil
lime must never be applied at the same time as nitrogen
All of them
39
Which of these organic fertilizers is alkaline rather than acidic?
bone meal
bat guano
mushroom manure
steer manure
Mushroom Manure
40
WHICH ONE:
Foliar applied fertilizers:
work faster than soil applied fertilizers
must never be applied without a soil test
can only be applied with a back pack sprayer
work faster than soil applied fertilizers
41
T/F: All organic fertilizers need to be broken down by microbes, requiring high enough soil temperatures for microbial action.
True
42
Water is transported within the plant via the
XYLEM
43
In photosynthesis, plants make:
chlorophyll
carbon dioxide
carbohydrates
water
Carbohydrates
44
Plants are often named after:
their leaf or flower colour
their place of origin
their size or growing habit
all of the above
all of the above
45
Stolons are
creeping above ground stems
46
Photosynthesis takes place
(a) in all parts of the plant
(b) only in the leaves
(c) in all green parts of the plant
(d) in the stoma
in all green parts of the plant
47
Which of the below are not part of a flower structure
Question 6 options:
(a) pistil
(b) petals, sepals, ovary
(c) stolon, rhizome
(d) anther, style
(c) stolon, rhizome
48
Plants are grouped into certain families when
Question 7 options:
(a) their flower structures are very similar
(b) they have the same leaf shape
(c) they come from the same country or continent
(d) they like the same growing conditions
(a) their flower structures are very similar
49
When naming plants which order is correct
Question 8 options:
(a) family, species, genus, cultivar
(b) species, subspecies, genus, cultivar
(c) genus, species, variety
(d) group, family, genus, species
c) genus, species, variety
50
Which of the following refer to leaf shape or type
Question 9 options:
(a) simple, pinnate
(b) monoecious, dioecious
(c) compound, lateral
(d) monocot, dicot
simple, pinnate
51
The evolution of angiosperms provided flowering plants with the following advantage
(a) production of growth hormones
(d) enclosed ovary which led to new seed dispersal systems
(c) ability to photosynthesis
(b) all of the above
enclosed ovary which led to new seed dispersal systems
52
The benefits of turf are?
Climate control
Pollution and dust control
Oxygen production
All of the above
all of the above
53
Which of the following grasses is recommended for home lawns?
Bahia grass
Creeping Red Fescues
Annual Bluegrass
Creeping Bentgrass
Creeping Red Fescues
54
A grass with a shiny leaf underside, keeled blade, ridge leaf top and no rhizomes or stolons would be?
Perennial ryegrass
Fine fescues
Bentgrass
Kentucky bluegrass
Perennial Ryegrass
55
A grass with very fine leaves, a folded blade and very short or no rhizomes is?
Perennial ryegrass
Fine fescue
Bentgrass
Kentucky bluegrass
Fine Fescue
56
A grass with a boat shaped tip, deep green colour, folded bud shoot and strong rhizomes?
Perennial ryegrass
Fine fescues
Bentgrass
Kentucky blue grass
Kentucky Blue Grass
57
A blend is ? (grass seed blend)
3 varieties of Kentucky bluegrass
3 types of grasses, kentucky bluegrass, fine fescue, perennial ryegrass
All of the above
3 varieties of Kentucky bluegrass
58
The best time to seed a lawn is?
early spring
Late spring - early summer
early fall
late fall
Early Fall
59
Endophytes are?
warm season grasses
very small grass seed
symbiotic fungi
special turf fertilizer
symbiotic fungi
60
What is the best soil condition for plants to grow?
(a) Saturated soil
(b) Osmosis
(c) Wilting Point of Soil
(d) Soil at Field Capacity
(d) Soil at Field Capacity
61
A surface drainage system may contain
(a) catch areas
(b) perforated pipe
(c) swales
(d) A and C from above
(e) A, B, C from above
(d) A and C from above
62
A french drain can be
(a) a trench with drain rock underneath several layers of filter gravel
(b) a trench with perforated pipe enclosed in drain rock and filter cloth
(c) a trench with drain rock enclosed in filter cloth
(d) All of the Above
(d) All of the Above
63
What is the preferred slope for a patio?
(a) 1% to 2%
(b) 2% to 20%
(c) 1% to 39%
(d) they should be completely level
(a) 1% to 2%
64
What are 3 ways to remove water naturally from soil?
(a) Transpiration, Catch Basins, Swales
(b) Evaporation, French Drains
(c) Gravity drainage, Transpiration, Evaporation
(d) Install a subsurface drain system
(c) Gravity drainage, Transpiration, Evaporation
65
Grades are often expressed as ratios (ex. 1:1). The two numbers in the ratio represent
(a) vertical distance: horizontal distance
(b) horizontal distance: vertical distance
(b) slope distance: vertical distance
(d) horizontal distance: slope distance
(a) vertical distance: horizontal distance
66
Adding gravel or sand layers in the soil will
(a) Speed up downward water movement in the soil
(b) Will slow water down at each layer it encounters
(c) Will make no difference to water movement
(b) Will slow water down at each layer it encounters
67
When laying perforated pvc pipe it is best to lay it with
(a) holes on the sides of the pipe
(b) holes on the top of the pipe
(c) holes on the bottom of the pipe
(d) no holes
(c) holes on the bottom of the pipe
68
A subsurface drainage system
(a) collects runoff from the soil surface
(b) collect water from within the soil
(c) is best used in paved areas
(d) does not work
(e) All of the above
(b) collect water from within the soil
69
To figure out the percentage of the grade, we divide the
(a) the rise (vertical) by the run (horizontal)
(b) slope distance by the run (horizontal)
(c) run (horizontal distance) by the rise (vertical)
(d) vertical distance by slope distance
(a) the rise (vertical) by the run (horizontal)
70
An ideal amount of thatch in a healthy lawn is maintained at what depth?
1/2 inch
1 inch
varies on the machine used
all thatch is considered bad
1/2 inch
71
When applying liming and fertilizing you should do what?
Apply separately giving time for each to have an affect
Apply together to enhance their affect
Apply in smaller amounts if combining
Fertilizing should always be done prior to liming
Apply separately giving time for each to have an affect
72
Which of the following fertilizers will resolve a plant nutrition problem quicker?
Water Soluble Synthetic fertilizer
Organic fertilizer
Prilled synthetic fertilizer
Mulching
Water Soluble Synthetic fertilizer
73
The mowing height of perennial ryegrass is?
1 - 2.5 inches
3 inches
0.5 - 1 inch
.2 - .5 inches
1 - 2.5 inches
74
The numbers on a bag of fertilizer represent?
Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium
Phosphorus, Potassium, Nitrogen
Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrogen
Nitrogen, Iron, Magnesium
Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium
75
The benefits of aeration are:
a. relieves compaction
b. improve water infiltration
c. improves nutrient penetration
d. All are correct.
d. All are correct.
76
When controlling leather jackets or chafer beetle it is important to control ?
The larvae
The beetle or crane fly
The pupae
The egg
The larvae
77
Which of the following is most successful for minimizing moss in lawns.
Improve the lawn conditions such as drainage, pH, soil texture, lighting
Power rake and apply moss killer
Apply a yearly moss control
Aerate
Improve the lawn conditions such as drainage, pH, soil texture, lighting
78
Before deciding on a fertilizer schedule you should?
Do a soil test
Determine how many bags of fertilizer you need for your area of lawn
Decide how many applications the customer wants
Always 3 fertilizing applications and 1 lime application
Do a soil test
79
1. What conditions are needed to allow a disease to become a problem in a landscape?
(a) Virulent Pathogen, Proper Environment, Any Plant
(b) Favorable Environment, Virulent Pathogen, Susceptible Plant
(c) Insect, Proper Environment, Susceptible Plant
(d) Poor Growing conditions, Use of Pesticides, Virus, Any Plant
(b) Favorable Environment, Virulent Pathogen, Susceptible Plant
80
2. In order to have maximum immunity from pests and diseases, what treatment would be best?
(a) Grow in conditions closely resembling native habitat
(b) Grow in good loam soil
(c) Receive plenty of water in the summer
(d) Receive at least 6 hours of sunshine a day
(a) Grow in conditions closely resembling native habitat
81
3. The first step of any Integrated Pest Management Plan is:
(a) Identifying potential pest problems in order to monitor them.
(b) Controlling pest populations immediately to avoid plant loss. to acceptable levels using strategies that include a combination of physical, cultural, mechanical, biological, behavioural, and chemical controls
(c)Monitoring - so we know if or when controls are needed to avoid damage.
(d) Prevention - preparing and managing our landscapes to ensure best growing environments for the plants
(d) Prevention - preparing and managing our landscapes to ensure best growing environments for the plants
82
4. The injury threshold is ?
(a) Same for all plants in the landscape
(b) Point at which we start to do something about the pest problem
(c) Point at which we use a chemical control
(d) Point at which the pest problem exceeds our tolerance level
(d) Point at which the pest problem exceeds our tolerance level
83
5. The biggest advantage of using IPM is that
(a) It provides long term solutions to pest problems
(b) It doesn't take as much time
(c) It's cheaper than spraying
(d) It reduces the number of insects in the garden
(a) It provides long term solutions to pest problems
84
6. Most plant problems are caused by
(a) Insect pests
(b) Plant diseases
(c) Physiological problems
(d) Injury or damage by humans or animals
(c) Physiological problems
85
7. When Diagnosing Plant Problems it is always important to?
(a) Identify the Pest and look up a cheap chemical control
(b) Identify the Symptoms and potential cause, determine if they are the primary cause or secondary cause of problem seen
(c) Identify the Plant, Growing Conditions and Maintenance practices
(d) B and C of above
(e) All of the above
(d) B and C of above
86
8. Which of the following is true
(a) Stressed plants emit ethylenes that attract insect pests
(b) Stressed plants continue to emit ethylenes after pesticide treatment
(c) Healthy plants are less likely to to receive significant plant damage than stressed plants
(d) All of the above
(d) All of the above
87
9. When controlling weeds in the landscape we should consider - best answer.
(a) When it flowers and when set seeds
(b) Whether it is a biennial, perennial, or annual
(c) Leaf morphology (narrow leaf vs broadleaf) and if it harbours insect pests vs
(d) All of the above
(e) A and C from above
(d) All of the above
88
10. When controlling insects what stage is generally best to target?
(a) Pupae stage
(b) Moth or Beetle stage
(c) Egg stage
(d) Larval or caterpillar stage
(d) Larval or caterpillar stage
RLT 1
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