RS - Ethics > Quotes > Flashcards

Quotes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the synderesis of Natural Moral Law (NML) according to Aquinas?

A

Good is to be done and evil avoided

This foundational principle underlies the ethical framework of NML.

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2
Q

What does Aquinas state is the ultimate happiness?

A

Ultimate happiness through union with God

This reflects Aquinas’ belief in the divine purpose of human existence.

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3
Q

According to Romans, what is the condition of humanity?

A

Since all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God

This emphasizes the need for redemption in Christian theology.

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4
Q

what does the CCC say about theological virtues

A

“The theological virtues are the foundation of Christian moral activity”

These virtues guide moral decisions in Christian ethics.

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5
Q

what does Aquinas say about the doctrine of double effect

A

“Nothing hinders an act from having 2 effects”

This principle is often discussed in the context of moral dilemmas.

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6
Q

How does Hoose describe moral guidelines?

A

Thou shall nots are but a system of guidelines that individuals must navigate

This suggests a structured approach to ethical decision-making.

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7
Q

List the five primary precepts of Natural Moral Law.

A
  • Preserve life
  • Order in society
  • Worship God
  • Educate the young
  • Reproduce

These precepts are considered universal moral principles in NML.

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8
Q

What is the semi-official position of the Catholic Church according to Vardy

A

NML is the semi-official position of the Catholic Church

This indicates the Church’s endorsement of NML as a moral framework.

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9
Q

What is the biblical commandment regarding love for others?

A

You shall love your neighbour as you love yourself

This principle is central to Christian ethics and situational ethics.

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10
Q

What is a quote from Fletcher showing we must sometimes go against our own beliefs

A

There are times when a man has to push his principles aside and do the right thing

This highlights the flexibility required in ethical decision-making.

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11
Q

What is the focus of situational ethics according to Fletcher?

A

Situational ethics puts people at the centre of concern

This approach emphasizes context and individual circumstances in ethical decisions.

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12
Q

What is the only rule in Fletcher’s situational ethics?

A

There are no rules…. except the one of love

This underscores the primacy of love in ethical considerations.

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13
Q

According to Fletcher, what are love and justice?

A

Love and justice are the same, only love is justice distributed

This compares love as a guiding principle with the concept of justice.

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14
Q

What does Aristotle state about human actions?

A

Every action is held to aim at some good

This reflects Aristotle’s teleological view of ethics.

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15
Q

What is the good for man according to Aristotle?

A

The good for man is an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue

This emphasizes the importance of virtue in achieving human flourishing.

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16
Q

What is the end goal of human actions as stated by Aristotle?

A

Happiness……being the end to which our actions are directed

This concept is central to Aristotelian ethics.

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17
Q

What does Hursthouse suggest about virtue ethics?

A

We need virtue ethics now more than ever

This reflects a contemporary call for virtue-based moral reasoning.

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18
Q

What does Hursthouse state about the rightness of actions?

A

An action is right only if it is what a virtuous agent would do

This aligns virtue ethics with moral decision-making.

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19
Q

What does Bentham are the 2 faculties governing humans

A

The governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure

This highlights the utilitarian perspective on moral motivation.

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20
Q

What is the critical question posed by Bentham regarding animals?

A

“The question is not can they reason? Not, can they talk? But can they suffer? “

This question underlines the ethical consideration of animal welfare.

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21
Q

What does Tom Regan say about animals

A

“Somebodies not somethings”

This phrase emphasizes the moral status of animals as individuals.

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22
Q

What does Singer say about animal suffering?

A

Their suffering isn’t for a few hours but for their whole lives

This highlights the long-term implications of animal suffering in ethical discussions.

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23
Q

According to Aquinas, what distinguishes humans from other animals?

A

Although man is of the same genus as other animals, he is of a different species

This suggests a unique moral and rational capacity in humans.

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24
Q

What does Hursthouse state regarding virtue ethics and animals?

A

VE directs us to think about the rights and wrongs of our treatment of animals

This connects virtue ethics to animal rights considerations.

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25
What does Aquinas say about lies?
Every lie is a sin ## Footnote This emphasizes the moral weight of honesty in Aquinas' ethics.
26
What critique does Hoose make regarding NML?
What the proportionalists have done is point out the inconsistency and invalidity of such thinking ## Footnote This highlights a significant debate within moral philosophy.
27
What is a quote from fletcher about relativism
Relatives the absolute does not absolute the relative ## Footnote This suggests a critique of absolute moral standards in favor of contextual understanding.
28
What does Aquinas say about theft
Then it is lawful for a man to succor his own need by means of another man's property ## Footnote This raises questions about property rights and ethical obligations.
29
According to Aristotle, what types of actions are associated with baseness?
Not every action is associated with baseness.... adultery, theft and murder ## Footnote This suggests a more nuanced view of morality beyond strict prohibitions.
30
What does Hume assert about deriving ethical conclusions?
You cannot derive an ought from an is ## Footnote This is a critical point in meta-ethical discussions about the nature of moral reasoning.
31
What does Moore argue about defining 'good'?
A philosopher attempts to prove a claim about ethics through appealing to a definition of the term good by using a natural property ## Footnote This addresses the challenges in meta-ethics regarding moral properties.
32
What is Moore's assertion regarding goodness?
Good is good ## Footnote This statement points to the simplicity and complexity of the concept of 'good'.
33
According to Ross, what is the nature of duties?
These duties are as just as much a part of the fundamental structure of the universe as the numerical structure expressed in geometry ## Footnote This emphasizes the objective nature of moral duties in Ross's ethical framework.
34
What does Calvin state about the will of God?
The will of God is the supreme will of righteousness ## Footnote This reflects a theological perspective on morality and ethics.
35
What does Dawkins claim about the God of classical theism?
The God of classical theism is arguably the most unpleasant character in all of fiction ## Footnote This critique raises questions about the nature of divinity in ethical considerations.
36
What does Ockham suggest about solutions?
The simplest solution tends to be the best one ## Footnote This principle, known as Occam's Razor, is often applied in ethical reasoning.
37
What does Ayer say about ethical claims?
Nonsensical ## Footnote This reflects Ayer's emotivist view of ethics, dismissing objective moral claims.
38
What does Bentham state about happiness?
The greatest happiness of the greatest number of people ## Footnote This is a fundamental principle in utilitarian ethics.
39
What does Mill argue regarding happiness?
It is better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied ## Footnote This highlights the qualitative aspects of happiness in utilitarian thought.
40
what does tom Regan say is happening to animals
"ruthless exploitation"
41
what does Ayer say about emotivism
"emotional ejaculations"
42
what does Aristotle say about humans rationality
humans are rational animals
43
what does Aristotle say about cultivating virtues
"we are what we repeatedly do"
44
what does Fletcher say about love
we are always condemned to act lovingly
45
what does Calvin say about God's will and its power
"you ask for something greater than the will of God and nothing can be found"
46
what does Barth say about human obedience
How can God be understood if that does not involve the problem of human obedience
47
what is a controversial Bible quote about slavery
slaves obey your earthly masters
48
what is a quote from the Bible about homosexuality
if a man lies with a man as with a woman, both have committed an abonination
49
what is a quote from Ayer about the deity
failed to make their concept of a deity intelligible
50
what is a quote from Bentham about the two main feelings that determine decision making
two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure
51
what is a quote from Sam Harris about free will
"free will is an illusion. Our wills are simply not of our making"
52
what did Hume call our ability to tell right and wrong innately
"faculty of sympathy"
53
what did Epicurus say about free will
"the world looks determined but huma beings feel free"
54
what did spinoza say about free will
"in the mind there is no absolute or free will"
55
what did spinoza say humans are ignorant too
"the totality of causes upon them"
56
what is a quote from skinner about conditioning
"behaviour which results from reinforcement is called conditioning"
57
what does Hume say about causality
"our idea of necessity and causality arises entirely from the uniformity observable in the operations of nature"
58
what does Calvin say about determinism
"soe are eternally ordained to the glory, through the sheer will of God and the rest are ordained to eternal torment"
59
what does Sartre say about us making our character
"he will be what he makes of himself"
60
what is a quote from sartre showing mankind deciding our essence
"man first of all exists, encounters himself....and defines himself afterwards"
61
what is a quote from Sartre about existence
"existence precedes essence"
62
what is a quote from Sartre about humans pretending they are not free
"bad faith"
63
what is a quote from Kierkegaard about free will
"we are condemned to be free"
64
what is a quote from Kierkegarrd about individual experience
"truth is subjectivity"
65
what is a quote from Kant duty
"ought implied can"
66
what is a quote from Kant about moral laws
"a free will and a will under moral laws are the same"
67
what is a quote from Fromm about the authoritarian conscience
"we are not on the way to greater individualism, but are becoming an increasingly manipulated mass civilisation"
68
what is a quote from Fromm about the humanistic conscience
"we are all possessors of humanistic conscience and victims of authoritarian conscience"
69
which quote by St Paul shows scripture tells us what we should or shouldn't do innately
"a witness to the requirements of the law"
70
what is a quote from Augustine about the conscience
"for when will they be able to understand that there is no soul, however wicked.... in whose conscience God does not speak"
71
what is a quote from Schleiermacher about conscience
"feeling of absolute dependence"
72
what is a quote from Aquinas about conscience
"they are bound in conscience but they stand under no compulsion"
73
what is a quote from Aquinas about going against your conscience
"he who acts against his conscience always sins"
74
what is a quote from butler about conscience being authoritative
"without being consulted"
75
what is a quote from Butler about conscience being given by God
"the guide assigned to us by the Author of our nature"
76
what is a quote from Butler about conscience being reflective
"conscience is a superior principle of reflection"
77
what is a quote from Fletcher about conscience
"conscience is merely a word for our attempts to make decisions creatively, constructively, fittingly"
78
what is a quote from Durkheim about the conscience
"we are all possessors or the humanistic conscience and victims of the authoritarian conscience"
RS - Ethics
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