You should always be aware of the following:
- current weather
- satellite imagery
- current Tropopause height
- the upper circulation (flow)
- local weather phenomena
- ground clutter patterns
the individual is to be aware of the potential for convective activity be referring to the following charts/bulletins
- Sigmet
- Airmet
- Forecast charts (GFA)
- Severe weather warning WWCN
You should expect RADAR to be consistent with:
- The synoptic situation
- expected or forecast conditions
- your knowledge of met theory
The 2 scales provided in radar imagery are:
Echo tops
Precipitation
On composite imagery where the coverage overlaps, the echoes derived from the _________ RADAR are used
closest individual
The indicators exhibited by RADAR that have high correlation with severe weather are:
- Echo configuration
- Echo height
- Echo Intensity
- Echo movement
List the 6 signatures or shapes that are associated with severe weather
Line Echo Wave Pattern Intersecting lines Echoes ahead of a line Echoes at the trailing end of a line V-Notches Protuberances
What are V-notches caused by?
Severe precipitation attenuation (hail)
What do protuberances or appendages indicate?
The presence of tornadoes or funnel clouds
What are the 2 types of echo systems?
Stratiform
Convective
A 50% probability of severe weather ranges with echo heights or tops of:
23000 ft in Alberta
47,000ft in southern ontario and NE states
What is typed by the observer using their knowledge of RADAR.
precipitation
Having determined the character of precipitation, we can now describe:
The area of precipitation followed by;
the echo intensities;
the echo tops; and
the development
Coverage is described in what manner?
Widely scattered < 1/10
Scattered 1/10-5/10
Broken 6/10-9/10
Solid 10/10
the precipitation scale consists of 5 intensities:
very weak weak- moderate moderate to strong strong very strong
when describing convective precipitation, describe the type with _______
maximum intensity
When describing stratiform precipitation describe the type with ______
maximum coverage
When describing convective echo tops, always give the ________
highest top
When describing stratiform echo tops, always give the _________
average tops
Calculate or estimate convective trends over a _____ period. calculate or estimate stratiform trends over a ________ period.
- 15 minute
- 1 hour
Early warnings of lightning give pilots more time to take appropriate steps to prepare themselves such as:
- cancelling their flight
- Modifying their route
Lightning data is collected every ______ and is accurate to within ________
- minute
- 500 meters
