Environmental Health > Radiation > Flashcards

Radiation Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

“down winders”

A

from bomb testing sites

4 corners area

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2
Q

case studies of radiation

A

down winders
Fukushima
cheronoble
3 Mile Island

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3
Q

what is radiation

A

electrons moving

nrg traveling through space

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4
Q

radioactivity

A

spontaneous emmision of radiation from the nucleus of an unstable atom. remaining partcile may or may not become radioactive.

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5
Q

isotope

A

some element with a different number of nuetrons

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6
Q

nucleide

A

charged particle

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7
Q

radioisitopes

A

charged particles, used in medicine

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8
Q

measuring radation

A

there are many ways to express amount of radiation exposure

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9
Q

what is the amount of radiation you CAN be exposed to/

A

5 rems per year

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10
Q

what is the greatest personal exposure to radiation

A

solar radiation

medical radiation

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11
Q

Cheronoble defined

A

they screwed up, there was a melt down, didnt tell anyone

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12
Q

how much (%) of radiation is background radation

A

82% (360 mrems

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13
Q

breakdown of manmade radiation (18% of total)

A 
58% medical
21% medicine
16% consumer products (microwaves, cell phones, etc)
2% occupational
2% fallout 
1% nuclear fuel cycle
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14
Q

what kind of problem is Radiation??

A

physical agent

rather than bio or chem

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15
Q

non-ionizing radiation

A

electrical ions are accelerated, but not enough to change atom structure

less bad for you

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16
Q

sources of non-ionizing radiation

A

microwaves
tanning beds
radio/TV (FM more than AM)
Power lines

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17
Q

ionizing radiation

A

release of particles from atoms

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18
Q

ionizing radiation sources

A

x-rays

gamma rays

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19
Q

particles released due to ionizing radiation

A

alpha
beta
gamma

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20
Q

alpha particles

Study These Flashcards
A

nucleus emits an alpha partcile (2 protons, 2 neutrons)
pop out of atoms…BIG particle (no electrons lost)

dont go far
stopped by piece of paper

21
Q

beta particles

Study These Flashcards
A

an ELECTRON is thrown out of the atom…TINY

stopped by metal/plexiglass

CAN GET THROUGH SKIN

22
Q

gamma particles

Study These Flashcards
A

release of an alpha/beta particle AND energy

Can go through CONCRETE!

23
Q

how are we commonly exposed to alpha particles

Study These Flashcards
A

DIET

falls on crop, ends up in food chain

24
Q

Radioactive half life

Study These Flashcards
A

time it takes for half of radionucleide to decay

25
* How to protect from radation
SHIELDING (lead vest @ dentist) DISTANCE (from source...need for ionizing only) TIME (limit time you're around the risk)
26
exposure to ionizing radiation
internal: eaten or inhaled External: X-rays, cosmic rays, gamma rays
27
half life examples:
``` Uranium: 4.47 BILLION yrs Potassium: 1.27 million Carbon 14 years 6000 yrs Cs: 30 years I: 8 days... 3 months to clear from body used for dating 'n stuff ```
28
half life problems
its not safe there for nearly the half life...only 10,000 years. there are still billions of years left for things like uranium
29
Cherenoble protection from radiation
time: rotated workers Shielding: concrete
30
going home after surgery with radiation
in hospital: urine dealt with as radioactive | at home: still radioactive, but treated as normal waste
31
what do you NEED radiation protective measures for
IONIZING | dont HAVE to have for non-ionizing, its much less powerful
32
Electromagnetic Spectrum
LOOK AT THE CHART ionizing: short wavelengths, MORE NRG NON-ionizing: longer wavelength, less NRG
33
Ultraviolet Radiation
Sunlight LASERS non-ionizing
34
lasers
non-ionizing tissue injury focused form of energy, can cause DAMAGE, esp. to EYES
35
sunlight and limes
limes have a chemical than increase the effects of sunlight ionizing bartenders most succeptible to this
36
LASER stands for
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation coherent light in a single, intense beam can travel long Distances wavelengths: X-rays, UV, visible, IR, microwave
37
non-ionizing radiation
not really a cause of health effects
38
other types of non-ionizing radiation
- radio-frequency electronmagnetic fields (AM, FM, cell phone...science says no bad health effects...yet) - ELF (extremely low frequency and Magnetic Fields
39
Solar panels
you collect solar radiation and use it as nrg...they are making small fields of solar radiation MAY be a problem when the fields get bigger...we dont know for sure yet... but it seems ok now
40
ionizing radation and heal effects flow chart
- Radiation dose (to treat cancer) - Ionization - Biochemical Change - DNA damage--> CELL death (want to kill off tumor) OR Cell transformation (more cancer...)
41
radiation exposure pathways
- inhalation - ingestion (food, water) - dermal air, water food can get into rain particles, onto plates, into plants, into meat
42
REVIEW COMMUNITY STUDIES FROM SLIDES
REVIEW COMMUNITY STUDIES FROM SLIDES
43
radionuclide
atom that has an unstable nucleus | can emit X or gamma rays/sub atomic particles when it decays
44
radioisotope
natural or artificially produced isotope that is radioactive
45
Three Mile Island
mechanical failures--> accident partial meltdown of core amount of human exposure very low
46
Radon
gas that seeps into homes with basements or home built over uranium deposits colorless odorless gas that is produced by decay of uranium, radium 20% all lung cancer no immediate symptoms...long term
47
Stochastic effects
adverse health effects associated with low level exposure to radiation over a long period of time
48
dirty bomb
explosive+radiation | used in small areas
49
ELF
extremely low frequency radiation power poles, building walls, electrical appliances potentially low level exposure to people who live near power lines, but not really conclusive
Environmental Health
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