1
Q
Pneumothorax aetiology?
A
1- 80% young tall men- rupture of apical bleb
2- 20%- to asthma, copd, infection, malignancy, trauma, iatrogenic
2
Q
Treatment pathway for pneumothorax?
A
1-air rim>2cm requires aspiration + chest drain. Watch for lung rexpansion and refer to resp then cardiothoracic if it does not
2- aspiration if air rim < 2cm and no red flags
Chest drain if >2cm or >50, breathless
3
Q
Causes of transudate vs exudate
A
Transudate caused by failure- liver, heart, kidney
Exudate- caused by malignancy, infection, trauma, pe
4
Q
Rigler’s triad
A
> 25% of intestinal obstruction in >65 yo
SBO
Pneumobillia
Ectopic gallstone
5
Q
Splenic injury grades
A
1-3 non op
4-5 op
1 laceration < 1 cm, haematoma <25% 2 1-3cm, 25-50% 3 >3cm >50% 4 hilar involvement 5 shattered spleen
6
Q
Subarachnoid haemorrhage aetiology
A
Congenital- adpckd Acquired aneurysm- trauma, infection, htn AVMs Anticoags Cancer
