Radiology

Question 1

What does gas look like on an ultrasound?

Answer 1

white

Question 2

Pros/cons of a CT scan

Answer 2

Pros :

• Creates a 3D image of an organ
• high contrast imaging
• for cancer (tumors), injuries, or abnormalities inside the body

Cons:

• higher risks for cancer, especially lung and colon cancer, and leukemia
• Uses radiation, which increases our chances of malignancy
• More expensive

Question 3

Pros/uses vs cons of an ultrasound

Answer 3

Pros:

• Your doctor may order an ultrasound if you’re having pain, swelling, or other symptoms that require an internal view of your organs.
• less expensive
• no radiation

Cons:
-obstruction of other organs, gas, stools etc

Question 4

Via CT the colon looks?

Answer 4

‘bubbly’

Question 5

Via CT the SI looks?

Answer 5

like fluid

Question 6

Intraperitoneal

Answer 6

SALTeD SPuRSS
Stomach
Appendix
Liver
Transverse colon
Duodenum(5cm)

Sigmoid colon
Pancreas (tail)
Rectum (upper 1/3)
Spleen
Small intestines (jejunum, ileum, caecum)

Question 7

Retroperitoneal

Answer 7

P: pancreas (except tail)
U: ureters.
C: colon (ascending and descending)
K: kidneys.
E: (o)esophagus.
R: rectum.

Question 8

Cirrhosis is?

Answer 8

Cirrhosis is a complication of liver disease which involves loss of liver cells and irreversible scarring of the live

Question 9

What can go wrong in the liver and gallbladder?

Answer 9

Liver: (abnormal function)
trauma
cancer/ metastisis
cirrhosis (nasty, white, shrunken)

Gall bladder (pain)

• gall stones/ cholecystitis
• cancer

Question 10

Symptoms of issues with the gall bladder/ liver

Answer 10

• Pain (more due to GB, although liver can have pain)
• Jaundice
• Abn LFT’s

Question 11

a tangle of blood vessels in the liver

Answer 11

haemangeoma

Question 12

How do ultrasounds pick us masses?

Answer 12

Sound waves. Blood flow reflects differently to fat/liver tissue and tumors can be identified.

Question 13

Specific symptoms of gallstones, and how do you identify these?

Answer 13

Symptoms:

• RUQ pain
• nausea, fever
• intermittent (especially after eating fatty food).

Ultrasound used:
-bile in ultrasound = black
- so only gallstones are reflected and visible.
- thickened GB wall due to irritation/ inflammation
Gall stones are barely visible on CT!!

Question 14

Potential issues with the spleen. How is this identified?

Answer 14

• trauma (ruptured sleen)
• cancer (spleen lymphoma)
• portal hypertension
• congenital eg) cysts

Viewed via CT scan:

• blood around the liver
• decreased haemoglobin

Question 15

What are the two ways for free air to get into the gut? How is this viewed?

Answer 15

1) trauma
2) gut perforation

Straight to CT. Previously they would’ve have to had been on their side to see free air.

Question 16

Issues of the stomach or Small bowel have symptoms of? Ways of investigating are?

Answer 16

• pain
• haematemesis
• vomiting
• weight loss

Invest via:

• abdo xray
• endoscopy
• US
• CT (if not sure about SI) (1st scan in eldery)
• barium study

Question 17

polycystitis

Answer 17

cysts on kidneys

Question 18

What does the small bowel look like? where is it on a scan

Answer 18

Looks feathery, whitesits in the middle of a picture

Question 19

Symptoms of a small intestine obstruction

Answer 19

distention, vomiting, nausea, pain

Question 20

Haustra coli and rugae as identifying things?

Answer 20

Haustra coli don't go all the way across. (Colon)
Rugae do (SI)

Question 21

Symptoms of a colon/LI issue. FIrst thing to do is?

Answer 21

• altered bowel habits
• PR blood
• malaena

1st CT or CT colonoscopy

Question 22

Faecal loading

Answer 22

shows extremely distended bowels

Question 23

What can go wrong in the pancreas? what ‘effect’ can this cause?

Answer 23

pancreatitis
Cancer-primary (islet cell tumors or metastisis)
trauma
diabetes

‘nutcracker effect’ (duodenum compressed by SMA and aorta)

Question 24

Two main reasons for pancreatic issues?

Answer 24

1) Alcohol

2) gallstones in common bile duct

Question 25

What imaging is first done with kidney issues

Answer 25

US if young | CT if older