Random Flashcards

(369 cards)

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erythema annulare centrifugum

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erythema annulare centrifugum

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3
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  1. Diagnosis
  2. This finding may be seen in what syndromes or conditions?
A
  1. Cafe Au Lait Spots
  2. neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), familial multiple CALMs (Legius syndrome), McCune-Albright syndrome, Bloom syndrome, Watson syndrome, and Silver-Russel syndrome
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4
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Shagreen patch

Tuberous sclerosis

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5
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Acne keloidalis nuchae (syn. folliculitis keloidalis nuchae)

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6
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Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau (syn. acropustulosis)

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7
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Acrodermatitis enteropathica

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8
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Acropustulosis of infancy

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9
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Lichen Amyloidosis

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10
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Macular Amyloidosis

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Anetoderma

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Anetoderma

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13
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Angiofibromas

Tuberous sclerosis

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14
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Angiokeratoma

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15
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Anthrax

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16
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hidrocystoma

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17
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Hidrocystoma

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18
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Atrophoderma vermiculatam

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19
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Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini

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20
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Becker nevus

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21
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Beau lines

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22
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Behçet syndrome

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23
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Blue nevus

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24
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Bowenoid papulosis

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25
Cafe-au-lait patch Neurofibromatosis type 1
26
Calciphylaxis
27
Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia
28
Chancroid
29
Cherry angioma (syn. Campbell de Morgan spots)
30
Chickenpox (syn. varicella)
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Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis
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Chronic bullous disease of childhood
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Condylomata acuminata Hov 6 & 11
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Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis
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Congenital dermal melanocytosis (syn. Mongolian spots)
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Congenital melanocytic nevus
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Cryptococcosis
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Cutaneous horn
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Cutaneous larva migrans Ancylostoma braziliense Ancylostoma caninum
40
Cutis laxa
41
1. Diagnosis 2. Associated syndromes 3. gene mutation
1. Cylindroma 2. Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, Multiple familial trichoepitheliomas 3. CYLD1
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Darier disease ATP2A2 MUTATION Autosomal dominant
43
Dermatitis herpetiformis
44
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
45
Dermatomyositis
46
Dermatosis papulosa nigra
47
Dermoid cyst
48
Discoid lupus erythematosus (chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus)
49
Dissecting cellulitis
50
Ecthyma (including ecthyma gangrenosum)
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Eczema coxsackium Hand foot mouth disease Cocksackie virus a6 & a16
52
Eczema: asteatotic eczema (syn. xerotic eczema, eczema craquele)
53
En coup de sabre Linear Morphea
54
1. Diagnosis 2. Pattern of inheritance 3. gene mutation
1. Ephelides (syn. freckles) 2. autosomal dominant 3. MCR-1 gene
55
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis ## Footnote * rare, heritable skin disorder with a mild underlying primary immunodeficiency * Widespread flaky, scaly, or flat warty lesions are seen on the face, hands, and forearms and other sun-exposed sites * There is often erythema, hyperpigmentation, or more rarely hypopigmentation of lesions, and there can be confusion with pityriasis versicolor and plane warts * In early adult life, actinic keratoses, Bowen disease, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can develop at affected sites
56
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
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Eruptive xanthoma
58
Erysipelas
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Erysipeloid
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Erythema (chronicum) migrans Lyme Disease
61
Erythema ab igne
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Erythema annulare centrifugum
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Erythema dyschromicum perstans (syn. ashy dermatosis)
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Erythema elevatum diutinum
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1. Diagnosis 2. What is the most commonly associated malignancy?
1. Erythema gyratum repens 2. Lung CA
66
Erythema infectiosum (syn. fifth disease; slapped cheek syndrome) Parvob19
67
1. Diagnosis 2. Associated topical medications 3. Associated oral medication
1. Exogenous ochronosis 2. Hydroquinone > 4%, phenol, resorcinol 3. Quinine (antimalarial)
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Extramammary Paget disease of skin
69
Folliculitis barbae
70
Folliculitis decalvans
71
Fordyce spots (syn. Fordyce’s granules)
72
Fox-Fordyce disease (syn. apocrine miliaria)
73
Frontal fibrosing alopecia
74
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (syn. papular acrodermatitis of childhood)
75
Granuloma faciale
76
Granuloma inguinale (syn. Donovanosis)
77
Grover disease (syn. transient acantholytic dermatosis)
78
Hailey-Hailey disease (syn. familial benign chronic pemphigus) Atp2C1
79
Hand, foot and mouth disease
80
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
81
Histoplasmosis
82
Nevus of hori
83
Hori's Nevus
84
Ichthyosis vulgaris
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Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis
86
Incontinentia pigmenti
87
1. Diagnosis 2. Stain that can highlight cells 3. cells seen in mature lesions
1. Juvenile xanthogranuloma 2. stabilin-1, CD163, CD11b, CD11c, CD36, CD68, factor XIIIa, and vimentin 3. foam cells, Touton giant cells, and foreign-body giant cells
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Kawasaki disease
89
Kaposi’s sarcoma (syn. Kaposi’s haemorrhagic sarcoma)
90
Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus
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Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus
92
1. Diagnosis 2. Associated syndromes 3. This may be a side effect of what medication?
1. Keratoacanthoma 2. Muir-Torre Syndrome/ Ferguson-Smith Syndrome 3. BRAF inhibitors (sorafinib, vemurafenib, dabrafenib)
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Keratolysis exfoliativa
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Keratosis rubra pilaris faciei atrophicans (syn. ulerythema ophryogenes)
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Kerion Tinea Capitis
96
Koilonychia
97
Lamellar ichthyosis
98
Lichen aureus
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Lichen nitidus
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Lichen planopilaris
101
Lichen planus pigmentosus
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Lichen spinulosus (syn. keratosis spinulosa)
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Lichen striatus
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Lupus pernio
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Lupus vulgaris
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Lymphogranuloma venerum
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Majocchi purpura (purpura annularis telangiectodes)
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Measles
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Median nail dystrophy
110
Merkel cell carcinoma
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Milia
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Mucocele (syn. mucous extravasation cyst; mucous retention cyst; ranula)
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Nevus anemicus
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Nevus anemicus
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Naevus depigmentosus (syn. achromic naevus)
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1. Diagnosis 2. Area of predilection 3. Treatment of choice
1. Nevus of Ota 2. Unilateral pigmentation in the area of the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve 3. Laser surgery is the treatment of choice with quality-switched (QS) lasers including **quality-switched ruby laser, QS alexandrite laser and QS neodymium:yttriumaluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser**
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Nevus of Ito
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Nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn (syn. sebaceous naevus; organoid naevus)
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Nevus spilus
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Pachyonychia congenita
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Paget’s disease of the nipple
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Palmoplantar keratoderma
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Paraneoplastic pemphigus
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Pearly penile papules
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Pemphigoid gestationis (pemphigoid of pregnancy)
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Pemphigus foliaceus
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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Perforating dermatoses
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1. Diagnosis 2. gene mutation 3. pattern of inheritance
1. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 2. STK11 3. Autosomal dominant
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Periungual fibromas
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Phrynoderma
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Piebaldism
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Pigmented spindle cell naevus of Reed
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Pincer nail deformity
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Pitted keratolysis
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Pityriasis amiantacea
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Pityriasis lichenoides
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Pityriasis rubra pilaris
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Poikiloderma of Civatte
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Pityriasis versicolor
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Pilar cyst (syn. trichilemmal cyst)
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Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (syn. pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy)
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Porokeratosis
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Porphyria
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Port-wine stain (syn. naevus flammeus)
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Pseudopelade of Brocq
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Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (syn. Gronblad-Strandberg syndrome)
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Pseudomonal nail infection
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Pyoderma gangrenosum
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Relapsing polychondritis
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Rosacea
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Scarlet fever (syn. scarlatina) Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A, b, C
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Schamberg disease
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Schwannoma (syn. neurilemmoma)
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Scleromyxoedema
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Scrofuloderma
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Sebaceous gland hyperplasia
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Shagreen patch Tuberous sclerosis
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Solar elastosis (syn. actinic elastosis)
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Solar lentigo
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Speckled lentiginous naevus (syn. naevus spilus)
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Spitz naevus (including pigmented spindle cell naevus of Reed)
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Staphylococcal Scalded Skin syndrome (syn. Ritter disease; staphylococcal epidermal necrolysis) Exfoliative toxin Desmoglein 1
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Steatocystoma multiplex
165
1. diagnosis if >30%BSA? 2. diagnosis if <10%? 3. what is the associated HLA if caused by allopurinol? 4. what is the associated HLA if caused by carbamazepine?
1. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis 2. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome 3. HLA-B*5801 4. HLA-B*1502
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Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus
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Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (syn. Sneddon-Wilkinson disease)
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Subungual haematoma
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Sweet syndrome (syn. acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis; Gomm-Button disease)
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Sycosis barbae
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Syphilis
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Syringocystadenoma papilliferum
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1. diagnosis 2. associated syndrome
1. syringoma 2. down syndrome
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
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Systemic sclerosis
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Talon noir
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Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans
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Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans
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Terry nails Severe liver disease
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Terra firma-forme dermatosis
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tendinous xanthoma
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Tinea capitis
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Tinea faciei (face) and barbae (beard)
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1. Diagnosis 2. Etiologic agent
tinea imbricata Caused by Trichophyton concentricum
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Toxic epidermal necrolysis
186
1. diagnosis 2. syndromes associated
1. trichoepithelioma 2. Brooke-Spiegler, Multiple familial trichoepitheliomas, Rombo, Bazex-Dupré-Christol
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trichoepithelioma
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trichofolliculoma
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Tripe palms (syn. acanthosis palmaris, acquired pachydermatoglyphia)
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Tuberous sclerosis
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Tuberous xanthoma
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Urticaria pigmentosa
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Varicella (syn. chickenpox)
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Venous lake
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Xanthelasma
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Xanthoma disseminatum
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1. Identify. 2. Describe the lesions 3. What condition is this seen?
1. Herpes Iris of Bateman 2. Large lesions with a central bulla and a marginal ring of vesicles 3. Erythema Multiforme
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Erythema Elevatum Diutinum
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Lichen Striatus
200
Granuloma Faciale
201
Granuloma Faciale
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Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans.
203
Telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans (TMEP)
204
Grover Disease
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Darier Disease
206
Folliculitis decalvans.
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Stucco keratoses present as multiple small 1- to 3-mm white to tan keratotic papules with predilection for the distal extremities, particularly the lower legs.
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1. Diagnosis 2. Associated HPV types 3. Associated mutations
1. EPIDERMODYSPLASIA VERRUCIFORMIS 2. HPV types 5 and 8 3. loss of function mutations of EVER1 and EVER2 genes - inherited skin condition with a high local susceptibility to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), most commonly with HPV types 5 and 8. - widespread, flat, wart-like papules and plaques, or hypopigmented scaly patches in childhood. - Loss-of-function mutations of the genes EVER1 and EVER2 are associated with EV.
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mode of inheritance of Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV)
autosomal recessive or X-chromosomal recessive
210
Identify this type of scale. What condition is this seen?
Ichthyosis Linearis Circumflexa - polycyclic, serpiginous, migratory, DOUBLE-EDGED SCALE at the margins of erythematous plaques Seen in NETHERTON SYNDROME
211
Identify the type of scale. What condition is this seen?
Ichthyosis Linearis Circumflexa - polycyclic, serpiginous, migratory, DOUBLE-EDGED SCALE at the margins of erythematous plaques Seen in NETHERTON SYNDROME
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Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis
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* Congenital diffuse reticular hyperpigmentation with nail atrophy and leukoplakia. * Manifests in the first few years of life. * Extracutaneous manifestations are bone marrow failure and malignancies.
DYSKERATOSIS CONGENITA ## Footnote * Reticulate skin pigmentation especially on the neck and chest, nail atrophy in fingernails and toenails, and leukoplakia are seen in those with DKC. * Extracutaneous manifestations include bone marrow failure (in more than 80% of cases) and malignancy in the second and third decades of life.
214
1. diagnosis 2. associated viral infections and conditions
1. ERUPTIVE PSEUDOANGIOMATOSIS 2. Echovirus, Adenovirus, CMV, arthropod bites, and immunocompromised states ## Footnote * small, 2- to 4-mm, red papules that resembled **angiomas** on the face and extremities * The papules** blanched on pressure **and were surrounded by a **small, 1- to 2-mm, halo. ** * The eruption was short lived and typically resolved within 10 days * Patients often had associated **fever, malaise, headache, diarrhea, and respiratory complaints.**
215
1. Diagnosis 2. Stain to highlight cells 3. characteristic finding ultrastructurally
1. Benign cephalic histiocytosis 2. CD68 3. ultrastructural presence of worm-like bodies
216
diagnosis?
Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE)
217
1. Diagnosis of this paraneoplastic syndrome 2. What is the associated malignancy?
1. Necrolytic Migratory Erythema 2. Glucagonoma
218
1. Diagnosis 2. most commonly associated malignancy
1. Pityriasis Rotunda 2. hepatocellular carcinoma ## Footnote * Skin manifestations are characteristic, consisting of **perfectly round or oval, asymptomatic, well-defined, hypopigmented or hyperpigmented ichthyosiform scaly patches **that appear on the trunk and proximal extremities * **Type 1 pityriasis rotunda** is associated with underlying malignant or systemic disease and presents with **<30 skin lesions**; more common in black and East Asian patients
219
. Diagnosis of this paraneoplastic syndrome 2. Most common associated malignancy
1. Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica of Bazex 2. Upper aerodigestive tract malignancy ## Footnote * The characteristic cutaneous findings are symmetrical erythematous to violaceous scaly patches or plaques over the acral extremities, ears, and bridge of the nose * Hyperpigmentation tends to appear in dark-skinned individuals. * Vesicles and bullae are occasionally observed on the hands and feet. * A bulbous enlargement of the distal phalanges has been described. * The most common sites of involvement are the nails (77%), ears (76%), fingers (65%), nose (62%), palms (56%)/ hands (51%), and soles (49%)/feet (44%).
220
1. Diagnosis 2. give examples of syndromes associated with multiple lesions 3. this gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of some of these lesions
1. Lipoma 2. see table 3. HMGA2 gene
221
1. Diagnosis 2. age group commonly affected 3. areas of predilection
1. Nevus lipomatosus superficialis 2. children and young adults in the first decades of life 3. buttocks, upper posterior thighs, and lumbar back
222
This ncludes** nevus spilus plus organoid nevus** with or without systemic symptoms, which include neurologic deficits and skeletal abnormalities
Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica
223
labial melanotic macule
224
1. diagnosis 2. most commmon CA associated
1. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 2. colorectal CA
225
1. identify the syndrome 2. lesions associated
1. PHAKOMATOSIS PIGMENTOVASCULARIS 2. It manifests as a large, metameric **capillary malformation**, usually located on the trunk or the extremities, in association with pigmented cutaneous lesions, such as a **pigmented nevus, a nevus spilus, a café-au-lait patch, or an atypical Mongolian spot** that is not located on the sacrum
226
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
227
Maffucci syndrome
228
1. diagnosis 2. positive stain
1. lymphangioma circumscriptum 2. D2-40
229
1. diagnosis 2. associated syndromes
1. Angiokeratoma Circumscriptum 2. Cobb syndrome, vascular malformations
230
1. diagnosis 2. associated syndromes
1. Angiokeratoma Circumscriptum 2. Cobb syndrome, vascular malformations
231
Variant of angiokeratoma 1. Diagnosis 2. Pattern of inheritance
1. angiokeratoma of Mibelli 2. Autosomal dominant ## Footnote circumscribed, darkred, hyperkeratotic plaques on distal extremities
232
location: scrotum diagnosis?
angiokeratoma of Fordyce
233
Associated with intense, burning pain. What is the diagnosis?
ERYTHROMELALGIA
234
**Acroangiodermatitis** (pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma, congenital dysplastic angiopathy, arteriovenous malformation with angiodermatitis) has purple macules, nodules, or verrucous plaques on the dorsal feet and toes of patients with longstanding venous insufficiency and mimics Kaposi sarcoma clinically and histologically.
235
Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa ## Footnote Loss of lymphatic drainage from the lower leg may lead to verrucous changes and cutaneous hypertrophy, called elephantiasis nostras
236
* associated with postmastectomy lymphedema * potential complication in chronically lymphedematous locations
Lymphangiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves syndrome)
237
1. Diagnosis 2. This may be seen in what type of dyslipidemia? 3. What is the associated defect?
1. xanthoma striatum palmare/ palmar xanthoma 2. Type III dyslipidemia/ dysbetalipoproteinemia 3. Apo E2/2 defect
238
noninherited variant of xanthoma 1. diagnosis 2. associated syndromes
1. verruciform xanthoma 2. CHILD syndome and epidermolysis bullosa
239
xanthoma disseminatum
240
xanthoma disseminatum
241
1. diagnosis 2. causative agent 3. treatment
1. Lobomycosis 2. Lacazia loboi 3. surgical removal
242
diagnosis
rhinosporidiosis
243
Clue: variant of MF manifesting more often as a hyperkeratotic lesion
PAGETOID RETICULOSIS
244
Tuberculoid leprosy. A well-circumscribed lesion, with a central macular hypochromic and atrophic appearance, and a peripheric group of papules distributed in annular pattern.
245
Lepromatous leprosy. Multiples nodules (hansenomes or lepromes) disseminated throughout the skin, associated to diffuse infiltration.
246
1. diagnosis? 2. etiologic agent
1. ecthyma gangrenosum 2. pseudomonas aeruginosa
247
1. diagnosis? 2. etiologic agent
1. ecthyma gangrenosum 2. pseudomonas aeruginosa
248
Acrodermatitis Continua of Hallopeau
249
Acrodermatitis Continua of Hallopeau
250
Pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris ## Footnote Palmoplantar pustular psoriasis (PPPP) is a rare variant of pustular psoriasis that is localized to the palms and soles.
251
GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE Geographic tongue, also known as benign migratory glossitis or glossitis areata migrans, is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder resulting in the local loss of filiform papillae
252
1. Diagnosis 2. Associated with what arthritis? 3. Inciting infections
1. Keratoderma Blenorrhagicum 2. Reactive Arthritis 3. Chlamydia trachomatis, Yersinia, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Clostridium difficile, and Escherichia coli. ## Footnote * cutaenous manifestation of reactive arthritis that resembles a pustular psoriasis and is generally found on the **palms and soles. ** * Initially it is an erythematous vesicular lesion that develops into pustular keratotic lesions before coalescing into psoriatic-like plaques.
253
1. Diagnosis 2. Associated with what arthritis?
1. Keratoderma Blenorrhagicum 2. Reactive Arthritis ## Footnote * cutaenous manifestation of reactive arthritis that resembles a pustular psoriasis and is generally found on the **palms and soles. ** * Initially it is an erythematous vesicular lesion that develops into pustular keratotic lesions before coalescing into psoriatic-like plaques.
254
1. Diagnosis 2. associated with what type of arthritis?
1. Cirnate balanitis 2. Reactive Arthritis
255
1. Identify the sign 2. Associated comorbidity
1. Frank Sign 2. Coronary Artery Disease
256
1. Diagnosis 2. Disease associations
1. Koilonychia 2. Hemochromatosis and Iron deficiency anemia
257
1. Identify the lesions 2. Diagnosis
A - “Ash-leaf” hypopigmented macules; B - Shagreen patch;C - Periungual fibroma (Koenen tumor) Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
258
1. Identify the lesions 2. Diagnosis
A - Fibrous cephalic plaque; A - B - Facial angiofibromas;C - Intraoral fibroma;D - Dental enamel pits Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
259
1. Diagnosis 2. Causative organism 3. Treatment (with dose)
1. Cutaneous Larva Migrans 2. Ancylostoma braziliense, Ancylostoma caninum 3. Albendazole 400 mg PO daily x 3 days
260
1. diagnosis 2. treatment of choice
1. Pediculosis palpebrarum or Phthiriasis palpebrarum 2. Ivermectin
261
Acanthoma Fissuratum
262
Acanthoma Fissuratum
263
What do you call this bilateral subtype of keratinocytic epidermal nevi?
ichthyosis hystrix ## Footnote * bilateral subtype of keratinocytic epidermal nevi * unilateral subtype is termed nevus unius lateris
264
Linear and whorled nevoid hypermelanosis ## Footnote * Hyperpigmented patches * DDX: Incontinentia pigmenti stage 3
265
nevus comedonicus
266
1. Diagnosis 2. Structures characteristically present in the cyst walls
1. Dermoid cyst 2. Adnexal structures
267
268
1. Diagnosis 2. Major associated internal malignancy
1. Maffucci Syndrome 2. Chondrosarcoma
269
1. identify the lesion 2. possible syndrome present if located in the frontopalpebral area 3. what ophthalmologic condition is often present? 4. patients with this syndrome is high risk of what?
1. Capillary malformation/ Port-wine stain 2. Sturge Weber Syndrome 3. Glaucoma 4. epilepsy and mental retardation
270
angiokeratoma of Fordyce ## Footnote very common hyperkeratotic, blue-black papules on the scrotum of elderly men)
271
1. Diagnosis 2. Associated HPV subtypes 3. at risk of progression to what CA?
1. Erythroplasia of Queyrat (EQ) 2. HPV 8 and 16 3. SCC
272
1. Diagnosis 2. Associated with high mutation rate of what tumor-suppressor gene
1. Erythroplakia 2. p53
273
Clue: Variant of BCC
FIBROEPITHELIOMA OF PINKUS ## Footnote It may be difficult to distinguish from an acrochordon or skin tag
274
Clue: Variant of BCC
Fibroepithelioma of pinkus ## Footnote FEP classically presents as a pink papule, usually on the lower back. It may be difficult to distinguish from an acrochordon or skin tag.
275
Identify this presentation of verrucous SCC in the genitoanal region
giant condyloma acuminatum Buschke-Löwenstein
276
What do you call this presentation of verrucous SCC on the plantar skin
epithelioma cuniculatum
277
1. Diagnosis 2. Syndromes associated with a predisposition of this lesion
1. Keratoacanthoma 2. Muir-Torre Syndrome and Ferguson-Smith syndrome
278
1. Diagnosis 2. MC noncutaneous organ involved 3. Mutation observed in 60% of cases 4. Stains used to visualize cells 5. High risk organs
1. Langerhans cell histiocytosis 2. Bone 3. BRAF-V600E 4. CD1a, S100B, CD207 (Langerin) 5. Hematopoietic system/Bone marrow, Liver, Spleen
279
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
280
Clue: Systemic Non-LCH 1. Diagnosis 2. Main clinical manifestation 3. hallmark histopath finding
1. Rosai-Dorfman Disease 2. Lymphadenopathy 3. Emperipolesis - different types of BM cells are found in the cytoplasm of histiocytes
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Clue: Non-LCH 1. Diagnosis 2. Associated monoclonal gammopathy 3. Contents of the central necrobiotic area on histopath
1. NECROBIOTIC XANTHOGRANULOMA 2. serum monoclonal gammopathy usually of **immunoglobulin G κ and λ** 3. Cholesterol clefts ## Footnote * It is a multisystem disease that affects older adults and it manifests as yellowish plaques and nodules that can ulcerate. * Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma is predominantly located on the trunk, the extremities, and the face (periorbital lesions). * Extracutaneous involvement also has been described, such as of the eyes, heart, skeletal muscle, larynx, spleen, and ovaries. * A systemic association in the form of serum monoclonal gammopathy usually of immunoglobulin G κ and λ type is seen in 80% of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma patients
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Clue: Non-LCH 1. Diagnosis 2. Associated monoclonal gammopathy
1. NECROBIOTIC XANTHOGRANULOMA 2. serum monoclonal gammopathy usually of **immunoglobulin G κ and λ** ## Footnote * It is a multisystem disease that affects older adults and it manifests as yellowish plaques and nodules that can ulcerate. * Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma is predominantly located on the trunk, the extremities, and the face (periorbital lesions). * Extracutaneous involvement also has been described, such as of the eyes, heart, skeletal muscle, larynx, spleen, and ovaries. * A systemic association in the form of serum monoclonal gammopathy usually of immunoglobulin G κ and λ type is seen in 80% of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma patients
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1. Diagnosis 2. Present or absent at birth? 3. Associated gene mutations
1. Congenital Hemangioma 2. Present at birth 3. GNAQ and GNA11 are reported to cause RICH and NICH
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Tufted angioma
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Clue: variant of MF manifesting more often as a hyperkeratotic lesion
Pagetoid Reticulosis ## Footnote * localized on the extremities * no extracutanous dissemination
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Clue: Cutaneous Lymphoma 1. Diagnosis 2. Positive stain
1. Lymphomatoid papulosis 2. CD30+ ## Footnote * Lymphomatoid papulosis is a chronic, recurrent, and self-healing papulonecrotic or papulonodular skin eruption * The lesions typically involve the trunk and extremities, and lesions in various stages of evolution may be present concurrently.
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Clue: Cutaneous Lymphoma 1. Diagnosis 2. Positive stain
1. Lymphomatoid papulosis 2. CD30+ ## Footnote * Lymphomatoid papulosis is a chronic, recurrent, and self-healing papulonecrotic or papulonodular skin eruption * The lesions typically involve the trunk and extremities, and lesions in various stages of evolution may be present concurrently.
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1. Diagnosis 2. Drugs most commonly associated
1. Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis 2. Beta blockers, β-lactam, macrolide and quinolone, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, sulfonamides, calcium channel blockers (diltiazem), and terbinafine
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1. Diagnosis 2. First line treatment
1. Chronic bullous disease of childhood 2. Dapsone or sulfapyridine
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Cutaneous horn
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Dermographism
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1. Diagnosis 2. Causative agent
1. Erysipelas 2. Group A β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) and staphylococci (particularly S. aureus)
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1. Diagnosis 2. Causative agent
1. Erysipelas 2. Group A β-hemolytic streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes) and staphylococci (particularly S. aureus)
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1. Diagnosis 2. Causative agent
1. Erythema Infectiosum/ Fifth Disease 2. Parvovirus B19
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1. Diagnosis 2. Causative agent
1. Erythema Infectiosum/ Fifth Disease 2. Parvovirus B19
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1. Diagnosis 2. Causative agent
1. Roseola Infantum/ Exanthem Subitum/ sixth Disease 2. Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV6)
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Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
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miliaria rubra
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301
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Epstein pearls
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304
305
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Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
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1. Identify the variant of pyoderma gangrenosum 2. MC location 3. Associated condition
1. Pustular pyoderma gangrenosum 2. Trunk 3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (usually Ulcerative colitis) - occurs almost exclusively in the setting of an exacerbation of acute IBD
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1. Diagnosis 2. Variant of what condition 3. gene mutation
1. acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf (AKV)/ Acral darier disease 2. Darier Disease 3. ATP2A2
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1. Diagnosis 2. Associayed conditions 3. There is increased deposition of what substances? 4. Stains
1. Scleredema 2. Postinfectious (MC after URTI; Streptococcal infection), diabetes mellitus, paraproteinemia, hyperparathyroidism, connective tissue disease and HIV 3. mucin and collagen 4. alcian blue and colloidal iron can identify mucin deposits
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1. diagnosis 2. contents of the central necrobiotic area on histopath
1. Necrobiosis lipoidica 2. Degenerated collagen + lipid
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characterized by hypopigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes accompanied by nonpigmentary symptoms, including **BLEEDING DIATHESIS**, caused by platelet storage pool deficiency and **ACCUMULATION OF CEROID** in tissues. 1. diagnosis 2. pattern of inheritance 3. forms associated with **interstitial pneumonia or granulomatous colitis** 4. forms associated with **immunodeficiency** and uncontrolled l**ymphocyte and macrophage activation,** leading to subsequent **hemophagocytic syndrome** 5. gold standard diagnostic finding
1. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) 2. Autosomal recessive 3. HPS1 and HPS4 4. HPS2 and HPS10 5. By electron microscopy, **platelets do not contain dense granules,** which is a gold standard diagnostic finding.
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characterized by hypopigmentation of skin and **silvery hair with large clumps of pigment in the hair shaft.** 1. Diagnosis 2. how many forms are present? 3. form characterized by **hypopigmentation** with **neurologic** abnormalities 4. form characterized by **hypopigmentation** accompanied by **hematologic immunodeficiency** and **hematologic abnormalities** 5. form restricted to **hypopigmentation** 6. pattern of inheritance
1. Griscelli syndrome (GS) 2. three 3. GS1 is associated with severe developmental delay and mental retardation. 4. GS2 is associated with recurrent pyogenic infections and uncontrolled T-cell and macrophage activation leading to hemophagocytic syndrome, the so-called accelerated phase, which can be fatal without immunosuppressive treatment or stem cell bone marrow transplantation 5. GS3 is restricted to hypopigmentation of skin and hair. 6. autosomal recessive
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characterized by reduced pigmentation of skin and eyes, **silvery or metallic colored hair,** and **neurologic and hematologic disorders** 1. Diagnosis 2. pattern of inheritance 3. only treatment for hematologic and immunologic abnormalities 4. diagnostic finding in blood smear
1. Chédiak-Higashi syndrome 2. autosomal recessive 3. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 4. **Large granules in polymorphonuclear neutrophils **on blood smear are diagnostic, and pigment clumping on the hair shaft is also seen ## Footnote Peroxidase-positive large inclusion bodies are seen in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and occasionally in lymphocytes, which is a characteristic finding in CHS.
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The characteristic phenotype, which is a mixture of hypopigmented and hyperpigmented macules all over the body, can be easily used clinically to diagnose what condition?
DYSCHROMATOSIS UNIVERSALIS HEREDITARIA
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* An autosomal dominant genodermatosis with reticulate hyperpigmentation that is progressive. * Small, hyperkeratotic, dark-brown papules that affect mainly the flexures and great skin folds appear after puberty. * Reticulate hyperpigmentation in the flexures with acneiform perioral pits and comedo-like hyperkeratotic papules. 1. Diagnosis 2. mutated gene
1. DOWLING-DEGOS DISEASE 2. KRT5 gene
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■ Autosomal ectodermal dysplasias. ■ Reticulate hyperpigmentation on the neck and axillae. ■ Nail, teeth, and sweating abnormalities.
NAEGELI-FRANCESCHETTI- JADASSOHN SYNDROME *.autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasias caused by mutations in the KRT14 gene
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1. show the diagnostic features of Dowling-Degos disease with the additional histopathologic finding of **acantholysis in suprabasal epidermal layers.** . Diagnosis? 2. mutation in what gene have been found in some patients?
1. GALLI-GALLI DISEASE 2. KRT5
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* characterized by numerous lentigines with sharp margins. * Lesions occur in a segmental pattern in the midline in 1 or more dermatomes * Acquired circumscribed hyperpigmentation. * Appears at birth or in childhood. * May be a variant of mosaic neurofibromatosis Type 1. * Usually within 1 or more dermatomes.
PARTIAL UNILATERAL LENTIGINOSIS
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■ Acquired gray-brown-blue circumscribed reticulate hyperpigmentation. ■ Caused by topical contact sensitizers. ■ Mostly middle-aged women. ■ Located mainly on the face
RIEHL MELANOSIS
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Favre–Racouchot syndrome
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Neonatal cephalic pustulosis
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Trichostasis spinulosa
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rare, acute or subacute, developing, maximal variant of rosacea with acne conglobatelike progression and predilection for postadolescent (20–30 years) women, particularly pregnant women; men are affected only rarely
ROSACEA FULMINANS PYODERMA FACIALEO’LEARY
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lichen planopilaris
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Pseudopelade of Brocq (PPB)
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Temporal triangular alopecia
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Temporal triangular alopecia
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1. associated with what condition? 2. Patient may have been exposed to or ingested what metal?
1. Slate-gray to bluish nail matrix is a sign of argyria 2. Silver
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1. diagnosis 2. arises from what part of the nail?
1. onychopapilloma 2. distal matrix
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onychorrhexis ## Footnote * Multiple longitudinal fissures, often associated with nail thinning and ridges, are the hallmark of onychorrhexis * Defective keratinization is thought to be one of the causes.
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1. Diagnosis 2. seen in what conditon
1. Terry nails 2. Liver disease
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1. Diagnosis 2. originates from what part of the nail?
1. Onychomatricoma 2. nail matrix
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CAPUT SUCCEDANEUM ## Footnote * from subcutaneous edema over the presenting part of the head owing to pressure against the cervix and is a common occurrence in newborns. * soft to palpation with ill-defined borders * Petechiae and ecchymosis also may be noted. * The edema resolves spontaneously over 7 to 10 days.
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CEPHALOHEMATOMA ## Footnote * results from rupture of the diploic and/or emissary veins and subsequent subperiosteal collection of blood. * Areas of hemorrhage respect the suture lines, are well-delimited, usually unilateral, and feel firm to palpation. * An underlying skull fracture may be present. Cephalohematomas usually resolve without sequelae over several weeks, but calcification may occur.
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1. Diagnosis 2. Possible mechanism 3. seldom seen after how many days of age? 4. if noted to be persistent or to develop at an older age, this may be a manifestation of an underlying what disorder?
1. Harlequin color change 2. immaturity of autonomic vasomotor control 3. 10 days 4. neurologic disorder
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does not blanch on diascopy
Nevus Depigmentosus
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blanches on diascopy
Nevus Anemicus
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PSEUDOVERRUCOUS PAPULES AND NODULES
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JACQUET EROSIVE DERMATITIS ## Footnote Jacquet erosive dermatitis is an uncommon, severe diaper dermatitis that is characterized by welldemarcated, punched-out ulcers and erosions.
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JACQUET EROSIVE DERMATITIS ## Footnote Jacquet erosive dermatitis is an uncommon, severe diaper dermatitis that is characterized by welldemarcated, punched-out ulcers and erosions.
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A, Infantile psoriasis with involvement in the diaper region. B, Infantile psoriasis. This generalized eruption responded well to topical steroids initially and topical tacrolimus later.
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CUTIS MARMORATA TELANGIECTATICA CONGENITA ## Footnote * characterized by persistent, reticulated atrophic violaceous vascular patches. * It is sometimes associated with telangiectasias and ulceration
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(+) vesicles and bullae 1. diagnosis 2. begins in what trimester 3. possible risk to the fetus
1. PEMPHIGOID (HERPES) GESTATIONIS 2. second or third trimester 3. Small-for-gestational age, Preterm delivery, Neonatal pemphigoid gestationis
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1. Diagnosis 2. most feared complications 3. occurs during what trimester? 4. cardinal feature of this disorder 5. first-line therapy
1. Pustular psoriasis of pregnancy 2. placental insufficiency and consequent stillbirth or neonatal death 3. third trimester 4. rapid resolution of symptoms after delivery 5. cyclosporine and infliximab
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1. diagnosis 2. associated syndromes 3. give 1 gene defect
1. pilomatricoma 2. Gardner, myotonic muscular dystrophy, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome 3. CTNNB1 (β-catenin)
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PIGMENTED SPINDLE CELL NEVUS/ REED NEVUS
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1. Diagnosis 2. derived from what structure? 3. T or F: palms and soles are spared. 4. 3 predisposing syndromes 5. may be considered tx for small inflamed lesion
1. Epidermal inclusion cyst 2. Infundibulum 3. F (HPV 57, 60 palmoplantar) 4. gorlin, pachyonychia congenita type 2, gardner 5. IL steroid
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1. diagnosis 2. common location 3. syndromes
1. milia en plaque 2. ear 3. oral-facial-digital syndrome, Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome, and Basan syndrome
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1. diagnosis 2. common location 3. associated syndromes
1. milia en plaque 2. ear 3. oral-facial-digital syndrome, Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome, and Basan syndrome
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1. diagnosis 2. common location 3. syndromes
1. milia en plaque 2. ear 3. oral-facial-digital syndrome, Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome, and Basan syndrome
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(+) tuberculosis (+) superficial tuberculoid granulomas around hair follicles
Lichen scrofulosorum ## Footnote * The lesions are asymptomatic, firm, follicular or perifollicular flat-topped yellowish or pink papules, sometimes with fine scale. * Lichenoid grouping is pronounced, and lesions may coalesce to form rough, discoid plaques.
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(+) tuberculosis
Papulonecrotic tuberculid
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perineal pyramidal protrusion
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1. diagnosis 2. etiologic agent
1. Tinea nigra 2. Hortaea werneckii
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1. The “thumbprint sign,” a unique pattern of periumbilical purpura resembling multiple thumbprints may be seen in what parasitic infection? 2. What is the most severe complication?
1. disseminated strongyloidiasis 2. Hyperinfection syndrome is the most severe complication, typically occurring in the presence of impaired cellular immunity as seen with use of systemic steroids but also with other immunocompromised states, including human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-1 infection
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1. Identify the lesions (be specific) 2. Associated with what disease? 3. pattern of inheritance 4. deficient enzyme 5. what accumulates in the lysosomes as a result of the enzyme deficiency? 5. gene mutation 6. Finding in Electron microscopy 7. MC ocular finding 8. Classic feature of the associated disease
1. Angiokeratoma Corporis Diffusum 2. Fabry Disease 3. X-Linked 4. a-galactosidase A 5. Globotriaosylceramide 6. GLA gene 7. Zebra bodies 8. Cornea Verticillata 9. Reduced sweating
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Cutis verticis gyrata
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trichobacteriosis corynebacterium spp MC axilla to visualize: KOH, wood lamp - pale yellow fluorescense, UV light - white tx: shaving, topical BPO/clinda/erythro/imidazole derivatives, AlCl r/o pediculosis pubi
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1. diagnosis 2. pattern of inheritance 3. genetic mutation
1. Harlequin Ichthyosis 2. Autosomal Recessive 3. ABCA12
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1. Diagnosis 2. Causative agent 3. MC affected area
1. Black Piedra 2. Piedraia Hortae 3. Scalp
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1. Diagnosis 2. Causative agent 3. MC affected area
1. Black Piedra 2. Piedraia Hortae 3. scalp
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1. Diagnosis 2. Causative agent 3. MC affected area
1. White Piedra 2. Trichosporon genus (T. asahii, ovoides, inkin, mucoides, asteroides, cutaneum) 3. Facial, axillary and genital hair
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1. Diagnosis 2. causative agent 3. Wood’s lamp finding
1. Tinea Favosa/ Favus 2. Trichophyton schoenleinii 3. blue-gray
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1. Diagnosis 2. causative agent 3. Wood’s lamp finding
1. Tinea Favosa/ Favus 2. Trichophyton schoenleinii 3. blue-gray
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Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
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1. diagnosis 2. causative agent of this fungal infection
1. Phaeohyphomycosis 2. Exophiala jeanselmei and Wangiella dermatitidis ## Footnote lesions present as cysts
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Identify the syndrome
Progressive hemifacial atrophy (old term:Parry-Romberg Syndrome)
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onychopapilloma