What would an ABPI of 0.5-0.9 or lower suggest
Peripheral arterial disease
What would an elevated ABPI of >1.4 suggest
Calcified vessels
Name 6 live vaccines
BCG
MMR
Polio
Yellow fever
Typhoid
Rotavirus
How do sulfonylureas work
Give an example drug
Increase pancreatic insulin secretion
Eg gliclazide
How do DPP4 inhibitors work
Give drug example name
Inhibit DPP4 enzyme so prevent breakdown of GLP1 and GIP. Also reduce glucagon and delay gastric emptying leading to satiety.
Eg sitagliptin,
How do glitazones work
Give drug example name
increase insulin sensitivity.
Eg piaglitazone
(The glit is sensitive 😜)
Sulfonylurea side effects (2 common, 4 rare)
Weight gain
Hypoglycaemia
Cholestatic liver damage
SIADH
Peripheral neuropathy
Bone marrow suppression
How do SGLT2 inhibitors work
Give drug example
Increase renal excretion of glucose. Reduce intraglomerular pressure so very good for cardio and renal health.
Eg. Dapagliflozin, empagliflozin
Who is eligible for pneumococcal vaccine
Age over 65
Immunosuppressed
COPD
Asthma if steroid immunosuppressed
Cystic fibrosis
Splenic dysfunction
IHD, heart failure, congenital heart disease
CKD 4 and 5
Liver disease
Diabetes if on meds
CSF leak
Cochlear implants
Who is eligible for influenza vaccine
Age over 65
COPD or asthma
IHD
Hypertension if also heart issues
CKD 3 4 or 5 or transplant
Liver disease
Stroke/TIA
Diabetes (all)
Immunosuppressed
Splenic dysfunction
Pregnant women
Healthcare staff and carers
What are the “big four”meds of heart failure management
ACEi
B Blocker
Spirinolactone
SGLT2 inhibitor
Which extra vaccines for asplenia/sickle cell and coeliac
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Men A B C W Y
Haemophilia influenzae (Hib)
Which extra vaccines for cochlear implants
Pneumococcal
Which extra vaccines for chronic resp and heart conditions
Pneumocccal
Influenza
Chronic neurological cod idioms vaccines (eg MND, a Parkinson’s)
Pneumococcal
Influenza
Diabetes meds managed vaccines
Pneumococcal
Influenza
CKD vaccines
Stage 3 4 5 = influenza
Stage 4 5 = pneumocccal and Hep B
Chronic liver conditions vaccines
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Hep A
Hep B
Haemophilia extra vaccines
Hep A
Hep B
Complement disorders extra vaccines
Men A B C W Y Haemophilia
Haemophilia influenzae
Influenza
Babies born to Hep B mothers
Hep B vaccine at birth, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12weeks, 16w 12 months
(Note this is different to all other babies who get Hep B at 8 12 and 16weeks)
Target for Clinic BP <80 years old
140/90
Target BP home age <80 years
135/85
Target BP clinic age over 80 years
150/90
