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Question 1

Describe the general climate of Beaujolais; identify major climatic influences

Answer 1

Semi continental

Beaujolais experiences all four seasons
* Summers are warm and dry
* winters are cold, with light snow.

The main climatic influences:
* The Monts du Beaujolais shelter the vines from cold winds and create a rain shadow.
* The Saône River in the east regulates temperature extremes.
* Proximity to the Mediterranean Sea brings a little extra warmth

All contribute to a semi-continental climate.

Hazards to the vine include spring frost and autumn rain.

Question 2

Which mountains Shelters Beaujolais from cold winds and creates a rain shadow?

Answer 2

Monts du Beaujolais

Question 3

Which river regulates Beaujolais temperature extremes

Answer 3

The Saône River in the east

Question 4

Beaujolais is divided between which départements?

Answer 4

Département of Saône et Loire

Rhône département

Département of Saône et Loire within the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté

Rhône département within the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

Question 5

What are the soil types of Northern Beaujolais?

Answer 5

granite and some schist.

North – and to the west – of Villefranche-sur-Saône and the Nizerand River (hillier here)

Question 6

Beaujolais

What is arène or gorrhe

Answer 6

Sandy soils composed of weather feldspars, micas, quartz and other materials

Question 7

What are the soil types of Southern Beaujolais?

Answer 7

Clayey limestone

Broken yellow limestone – Pierres Dorées or Golden Stones – is also found in the south – on the Saône plain.

Question 8

Why was Beaujolais awarded Global Geopark status by UNESCO in 2018?

Answer 8

Because of its extremely complex geology, created by tectonic forces that formed the Massif Central and the Alps, resulting in around 300 soil variations.

Question 9

How has the UNESCO Global Geopark designation influenced winemaking in Beaujolais?

Answer 9

It encouraged greater focus on terroir and geological analysis, leading producers to create special cuvées highlighting specific soils

Question 10

In Beaujolais, which grape variety will be phased out by 2035

Answer 10

Aligoté

This is because Bourgogne Aligoté will no longer be accepting fruit from Beaujolais

Question 11

List the training methods used in Beaujolais

Answer 11

Gobelet
Cordon
Éventail
Guyot

Question 12

In Beaujolais where is Gobelet training historically used?

Answer 12

Mandatory for red Beaujolais Villages AOC wines as well as for the Beaujolais Cru AOCs.

Gobelet training (short or spur pruning)

Question 13

In Beaujolais what are other alternative training methods to Gobelet

Answer 13

Cordon training
Éventail training

Another spur-training method and is now an authorized alternative to gobelet for red Beaujolais Villages AOC and the Beaujolais Cru AOCs.

Question 14

Why does Guyot training generate higher yields?

Answer 14

It’s a long-pruning method that leaves more fruiting buds.

Question 15

For which Beaujolais appellations is Guyot training allowed?

Answer 15

Beaujolais AOC (red & white) and white Beaujolais Villages AOC.

Question 16

Why is Guyot training restricted in Beaujolais appellations?

Answer 16

Guyot is a long-pruning method that leaves more fruiting buds, producing higher yields. Because of this, it is only permitted for Beaujolais AOC (red and white) and white Beaujolais Villages AOC wines to control yields in higher-quality appellations.

Question 17

What is the role of the of the Nizerand River

Answer 17

Divides north and south Beaujolais

Question 18

Which Beaujolais Crus have Soft and light wine styles

Answer 18

Saint-Amour AOC,
Fleurie AOC,
Chiroubles AOC

Question 19

Which Beaujolais Crus are medium-bodied in style?

Answer 19

Juliénas AOC
Régnié AOC
Côte de Brouilly AOC
Brouilly AOC

Question 20

Which Beaujolais Crus are Powerful and generous in style

Answer 20

Chénas AOC,
Morgon AOC
Moulin-à-Vent AOC

Question 21

Beaujolais Crus represent what percentage of production?

Answer 21

40%

Question 22

Which Beaujolais cru is promoted around Valentine’s Day and means “Saint Love”?

Answer 22

Saint-Amour

Question 23

Q: Where is Saint-Amour located in Beaujolais?

Answer 23

The northernmost cru, near the Mâconnais.

Question 24

How does maceration length affect Saint-Amour wines?

Answer 24

Short maceration: light, fruity, perfumed
Long maceration: more tannic and structured

Question 25

Which Beaujolais cru is known as the “Queen of Beaujolais”?

Answer 25

Fleurie

Question 26

Q: What is the typical style of Fleurie wines? .

Answer 26

Floral and elegant, but capable of aging and developing sweet spice

Question 27

Which Beaujolais cru is the highest in altitude?

Answer 27

Chiroubles

Question 28

Why does Chiroubles usually harvest later than other crus?

Answer 28

It is the coolest cru due to high elevation and steep slopes.

Question 29

What is the style of Chiroubles wines?

Answer 29

Soft, light, fruity, and delicate.

Question 30

Which Beaujolais cru is named after Julius Caesar?

Answer 30

Juliénas

Question 31

Why are Juliénas wines often complex?

Answer 31

Because of the diverse soil types

Question 32

Which is the newest Beaujolais cru?

Answer 32

Régnié

Question 33

How do Régnié’s soils influence wine style?

Answer 33

Higher sand content produces aromatic wines that mature quickly.

Question 34

Which is the largest Beaujolais cru?

Answer 34

Brouilly

Question 35

Where is Brouilly located?

Answer 35

The southernmost cru, on a plateau surrounding Mont Brouilly

Question 36

What type of soils are found in Brouilly?

Answer 36

Volcanic diorite soils.

Question 37

Which Beaujolais cru has vineyards facing every point of the compass?

Answer 37

Côte de Brouilly.

Question 38

Where are Côte de Brouilly vineyards located?

Answer 38

On the slopes of Mont Brouilly

Question 39

What flavour characteristic is linked to Côte de Brouilly’s volcanic soils?

Answer 39

A distinct peppery note.

Question 40

Which is the smallest Beaujolais cru?

Answer 40

Chénas

Question 41

What does the name Chénas refer to?

Answer 41

Ancient oak forests (“chêne” = oak)

Question 42

What is the style of Chénas wines?

Answer 42

Concentrated wines that benefit from bottle age, often showing a floral bouquet and subtle woody character.

Question 43

Which Beaujolais cru is known as the “King of Beaujolais”?

Answer 43

Moulin-à-Vent.

Question 44

What style of wine does Moulin-à-Vent produce?

Answer 44

The most full-bodied and tannic of the crus.

Question 45

Q: How long can Moulin-à-Vent wines age?

Answer 45

Up to about 10 years depending on vintage

Question 46

What term describes Beaujolais wines developing Pinot Noir-like character with age?

Answer 46

A: Pinoter / Pinotent ## Footnote e.g. Moulin-à-Vent

Question 47

Which is the second largest Beaujolais cru?

Answer 47

Morgon

Question 48

What is the typical fruit character of Morgon wines?

Answer 48

Ripe cherry, sometimes cherry jam or kirsch in warm vintages

Question 49

What soil type contributes to Morgon’s character?

Answer 49

Decomposed schist called “roche pourrie” (rotted rock)

Question 50

Q: What is the most famous lieu-dit in Morgon?

Answer 50

Côte du Py

Question 51

What term describes Morgon wines developing Pinot-like aromas with age?

Answer 51

Morgonner

Question 52

The Jura is located between

Answer 52

Bourgogne and Switzerland

Question 53

Which of the Jura AOC produces Vin Jaune exclusively?

Answer 53

Château-Chalon

Question 54

# Jura As surface yeast metabolizes key components within a wine, it produces... ## Footnote Jura related

Answer 54

Aldehydes

Question 55

Vin de Paille is sweet. T or F

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Which Jura AOC produces more red wine than white?

Answer 56

Arbois

Question 57

How long does Vin Jaune spend in oak cask?

Answer 57

Over 6 years

Question 58

What grape is known as Gamay Blanc and Melon d’Arbois in the Jura?

Answer 58

Chardonnay

Question 59

What Jura wine is always sold in half-bottles (375 ml)?

Answer 59

Vin de Paille

Question 60

Where is Jura located in France?

Answer 60

Eastern France, bordering Switzerland, between Burgundy and the Alps.

Question 61

What is the winegrowing area of Jura known as

Answer 61

Revermont ## Footnote Stretches from Salins-les-Bains in the North to Saint-Amour to the South

Question 62

Name the two uplifts of the Saône Graben in Jura

Answer 62

Morvan uplands/escarpment of Côte-d'Or (west) Jura mountains

Question 63

What is a blind valley (reculée)

Answer 63

A deep, narrow valley common in limestone/karst landscapes.

Question 64

How is a blind alley formed?

Answer 64

A narrow valley that starts suddenly where a stream comes from underground Happens when water flows through limestone that sits on an impermeable layer. The water erodes the limestone down to the hard layer, forming the valley.

Question 65

What are the predominant soil types in Jura?

Answer 65

Clay-limestone marls.

Question 66

Name the five principal Jura grapes and their preferred soils.

Answer 66

Chardonnay → limestone/marl Savagnin → gray/blue marl soil Poulsard → prefers gray/blue marls Trousseau → warm gravel or stony soils or red marl on south-facing slopes. Pinot Noir → richer limestone soils

Question 67

Trousseau is a red grape in Jura. T or F

Answer 67

True ## Footnote Accounts for 23% of all the red grapes planted in Jura

Question 68

Chardonnay has been grown in the Jura since at least the 14th century. T or F

Answer 68

True ## Footnote Chardonnay produces two-thirds of Jura’s white – most finds its way into Crémant du Jura.

Question 69

Savagnin has naturally high acidity. This makes it ideal for “Vin Jaune” (Yellow Wine) T or F?

Answer 69

True ## Footnote Jura’s long-aged and long-lived oxidative wine style.

Question 70

What colour grape is Poulsard

Answer 70

Red ## Footnote Found in the village of Pupillin (Arbois DGC) – makes pale-colored reds and rosés – including the sparkling Crémant du Jura Rosé.

Question 71

Poulsard forms part of the blend for the sweet Vin de Paille, T or F

Answer 71

True

Question 72

Most common training system in Jura and why?

Answer 72

To minimize the number of pruning cuts – and so reduce the risk of Esca – most vines are cane-pruned. For this reason, **Guyot** is the most common training method used.

Question 73

Pinot Noir has a long history in Jura but is mainly grown in the southern portion of the region. It represents 37% of all the red varieties planted. Much is used for making which style of wine?

Answer 73

Macvin du Jura Crémant du Jura ## Footnote Some red wine is made as well.

Question 74

What is Esca?

Answer 74

Trunk disease. A fatal bacterial infection that develops from pruning wounds, in the short term it also seriously affects vine yield. ## Footnote In Jura both Savagnin and Trousseau are susceptible

Question 75

What is the Jura climate?

Answer 75

* Continental, with alpine influences * Long cold winters, very warm summers, cool summer nights * The Jura mountains block wet winds so rain falls all year round on the mountains.

Question 76

Which is most likely in Jura, hand harvesting or Machine?

Answer 76

Hand harvesting ## Footnote the steep slopes do not allow for much mechanization.

Question 77

Difference between “sous voile” and “ouillé”?

Answer 77

Sous voile: wines aged under a yeast film (flor), oxidative (like Vin Jaune) Ouillé: wines topped up with wine to prevent oxidation, fresher style

Question 78

What types of wine are produced in Jura?

Answer 78

Dry red, rosé, and white wines Crémant Vin Jaune Vin de Paille Macvin (fortified must) and brandies (Marc and Fine).

Question 79

What is “sous voile” aging?

Answer 79

Wine is aged in barrels without topping up (ullage), allowing a flor-like yeast to develop. Controlled oxidation produces walnut, hazelnut, and spice aromas. ## Footnote under flor/with ullage (head space)

Question 80

What is “ouillé” aging?

Answer 80

Wine is topped up in barrel to avoid oxygen exposure (reductive style). Often used for Savagnin in Arbois; labeled Naturé when reductive.

Question 81

Which grape is used for Vin Jaune?

Answer 81

Savagnin only

Question 82

How is Vin Jaune made?

Answer 82

* Aged in partially filled barrels for 60 months * Flor-like yeast develops on surface → controlled oxidation * Produces sherried, nutty aromas and long aging potential *

Question 83

How long must Vin Jaune age before sale and in what bottle?

Answer 83

6 years 3 months minimum; bottled in a 620 ml clavelin.

Question 84

Which grapes are used for Vin de Paille?

Answer 84

* Chardonnay * Savagnin * Poulsard * sometimes Trousseau **Pinot Noir is not allowed.**

Question 85

Q: How is Vin de Paille made?

Answer 85

* Grapes dried on straw for ≥6 weeks * Pressed & fermented Dec–Feb * Aged ≥18 months in barrel * RS: 6–13% (60–130 g/l) * Bottled in 375 ml half bottles, released after 36 months

Question 86

Which AOCs are authorised to make Vin de Paille

Answer 86

Cotes du Jura AOC Arbois AOC L'Etoille AOC

Question 87

What is Macvin?

Answer 87

A fortified wine made by adding 1/3 marc to grape must.

Question 88

How is Macvin aged?

Answer 88

Pressed after fortification, aged ≥10 months in cask.

Question 89

Alcohol content of Macvin?

Answer 89

16–22% ABV

Question 90

What is special about the marc used in Macvin?

Answer 90

Must be distilled from wine pomace and aged ≥14 months in barrel before use.