Random questions

Question 1

In the autonomic nervous system acetycholine is the neurotransmitter to what areas?

Answer 1

• Parasympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic fibers
• Sympathetic preganglionic fibers
• Sympathetic postganglionic fibers to the sweat glands
• Sympathetic postganglionic fibers to other organs is NE

Question 2

Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter in what part of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 2

Postganglionic sympathic fibers to the major organs

Question 3

What is the speed of contraction in muscle fibers dependent on?

Answer 3

• The rate of calcium uptake
• Fast twitch fibers have more extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum and thus have more abundant Calcium - Magnesium adenosine triphosphatase which modulates calcium utilization

Question 4

Monomelic amyotrophy is frequently associated with atrophy of what?

Answer 4

Cervical spinal cord

Question 5

What is the definition of orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 5

In the first 2 to 5 minutes after laying down for 5 minutes

• Drop in systolic BP of at least 20
• Drop in diastolic BP of at least 10

Question 6

Definition of POTS

Answer 6

Orthostatic symptoms in correlation with:

• Increase in HR by at least 30 bpm (40 if < 20 y/o) within 10 minutes after standing or head up tilt
• No significant drop in BP
• Patient should be laying down for 5 minutes prior to testing

Question 7

On tilt table testing, what does Phase II Late and Phase IV of the valsalva waveforms give you information on?

Answer 7

Adrenergic function

Question 8

In transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) what are the generators of D waves and M waves?

Answer 8

• D waves = Propagating action potentials in the spinal cord
• M waves = CMAPs generated within the muscles