1
Q
Which of the following modes of radioactive decay are isobaric transitions?A. negatron decay | B. electron capture | C. positron decay | D. all of the above
A
D
2
Q
For the hypothetical atomic model (K=24keV, L=16keV, M=7keV), if an electron vacancy were created in the K shell and filled by an electron transition from the L shell, a resulting Auger electron emitted from the M shell would have a kinetic energy of:A. 1 keV | B. 7 keV | C. 16 keV | D. 24 keV | E. 31 keV
A
A
3
Q
The physical half lives of 18F=110 min, 99mTc=6.01 hr, 67Ga=3.26 d, 111In=2.83 d, 131I=8.04 d. What is correct order from lowest to highest physical decay constant?A. 18F 99mTc 67Ga 111In 131I | B. 131I 111In 67Ga 99mTc 18F | C. 67Ga 99mTc 18F 131I 111In | D. 131I 67Ga 111In 99mTc 18F | E. 99mTc 18F 131I 111In 131I
A
D
4
Q
A 99mTc gamma ray (140 keV) undergoes Compton scatter at 180°. Energy of back-scattered gamma-ray?A. 0 keV | B. 45 keV | C. 90 keV | D. 145 keV | E. 180 keV
A
C
5
Q
Linear attenuation coefficient in water of 364-keV gamma rays from 131I is 0.0578/cm. Fraction penetrating 24 cm of water?A. 1/36 | B. 1/12 | C. 1/4 | D. 1/8 | E. 1/2
A
C
6
Q
What happens when fluoroscopy operator releases exposure pedal?A. X-ray production stops after few seconds | B. Scatter radiation stops immediately | C. Scatter radiation remains in room for five seconds | D. Patient’s residual radioactivity proportional to total fluoroscopic kerma-area product
A
B
7
Q
A perfect imaging system would have area under ROC curve of:A. 0 | B. 0.5 | C. 1 | D. 2 | E. 10
A
C
8
Q
In gamma camera image, mean counts per pixel in structure=440, background=400. CNR?A. 0.9 | B. 1.1 | C. 2.0 | D. 4.0 | E. 4.4
A
C
9
Q
Standard deviation of net counts per pixel in tumor ROI in gamma camera image?A. 2 | B. 5 | C. 7 | D. 11 | E. 21
A
C
10
Q
Rose criterion: detectability of lesion requires CNR of at least:A. 1 | B. 2 | C. 5 | D. 8 | E. 13
A
C
11
Q
Memory required to store 128x128x128 PET study with max counts per voxel=64K?A. 16 | B. 128 | C. 2,097 | D. 4,197 | E. 8,394
A
D
12
Q
CT Hounsfield units: fat~-70HU, soft tissue~+50HU. Which matrix depth visually distinguishable?A. 2-bit | B. 3-bit | C. 4-bit | D. 5-bit | E. none
A
D
13
Q
Diagnostic test: TP=180, FN=20, FP=30, TN=70. Sensitivity?A. 0.0 | B. 0.50 | C. 0.70 | D. 0.90 | E. 1.0
A
D
14
Q
Diagnostic test: TP=180, FN=20, FP=30, TN=70. Specificity?A. 0.40 | B. 0.50 | C. 0.60 | D. 0.70 | E. 0.80
A
D
15
Q
Diagnostic test: TP=180, FN=20, FP=30, TN=70. Accuracy?A. 0.43 | B. 0.63 | C. 0.63 | D. 0.73 | E. 0.83
A
E
16
Q
Epilation from acute radiation exposure starts at dose:A. 0-2 Gy | B. 2-5 Gy | C. 5-10 Gy | D. 10-15 Gy | E. 1 Gy whole body
A
B
17
Q
Most radiosensitive cells/tissues:A. skin cells | B. bone marrow cells | C. brain cells | D. muscle cells | E. pancreas cells
A
B
18
Q
Radiation weighting factor (wR):A. converts sieverts to grays | B. independent of particle mass | C. independent of particle charge | D. increased for high-LET | E. increased for sensitive organs
A
D
19
Q
Studies showing increased risk of radiation-induced cancers EXCEPT:A. chest x-rays | B. atomic bomb survivors | C. TB patients with fluoroscopy | D. radium dial painters | E. radiation therapy patients
A
A
20
Q
Genetic doubling dose (GDD) in humans:A. 0.01-0.02 Sv | B. 0.1-0.2 Sv | C. 1.0-2.0 Sv | D. 10-20 Sv | E. no GDD
A
B
21
Q
Population average annual radiation exposure in US:A. <1 mSv | B. ~1 mSv | C. ~3 mSv | D. ~6 mSv | E. >10 mSv
A
C
22
Q
Staff dose standing 1m from CT scanner front:A. 0.01 µGy | B. 0.1 µGy | C. 1 µGy | D. 10 µGy | E. 120 µGy
A
C
23
Q
X-ray technologist pregnancy: legal dose limit to embryo/fetus:A. 500 mSv | B. 5 mSv | C. 50 mSv | D. 0.5 mSv | E. 5 mSv/month
A
C
24
Q
Largest contribution to man-made radiation in US:A. medical imaging | B. radon | C. nuclear power | D. consumer products | E. internal isotopes
A
A
25
Regulatory effective dose limit for CT:A. 50 mSv | B. 20 mSv | C. 15 mSv | D. 5 mSv | E. not limited
E
26
Effective dose from CT best estimated from:A. DLP | B. CTDIW | C. CTDIvol | D. Entrance Skin Dose | E. mAs
A
27
Factors affecting radiation dose and image quality in CT:A. mAs | B. kVp | C. pitch | D. filters | E. all of above
E
28
X-ray intensity approximately proportional to:A. kVp | B. kVp2 | C. mAs² | D. 0.5 pitch | E. anode angle
B
29
How does pitch affect patient dose in CT?A. no effect | B. inversely proportional | C. lower pitch=lower dose | D. higher pitch=higher dose | E. inversely proportional to pitch²
B
30
PET/CT suite design: lead shielding determined by:A. CT mAs | B. scatter from CT | C. DLP | D. PET activity | E. humidity
B
31
Dose limit in unrestricted area:A. 50 mSv/week | B. 15 mSv/year | C. 0.1 mSv/hour | D. 0.02 mSv/week | E. no limit
C
32
0.5 mm lead attenuates 91% radiation. 0.25 mm attenuates:A. 10% | B. 20% | C. 35% | D. 70% | E. 99%
D
33
Usage factor (U) for scattered/leakage radiation in shielding:A. 0 | B. 0.25 | C. 0.5 | D. 1.0 | E. 1.5
C
34
Stress tests with 20 mCi 99mTc MIBI effective dose:A. 0.1 mSv | B. 1 mSv | C. 6 mSv | D. 60 mSv | E. 100 mSv
C
35
CT pregnant woman abdomen: fetal doses:A. 0.01 mGy | B. 0.10 mGy | C. 1 mGy | D. 10 mGy | E. 100 mGy
C
36
NCRP 168: FGI procedure recommendations:A. Pediatric equipment design | B. No door interlocks | C. Record patient dose | D. Review radiation doses | E. All above
E
37
Radioactive material release: caregiver dose below:A. 5 mSv | B. 10 mSv | C. 50 mSv | D. 100 mSv
C
38
Entrance air kerma 80 kVp=10 mGy. Expected peak skin dose:A. 8 mGy | B. 13 mGy | C. 18 mGy | D. 25 mGy
C
39
X-ray dose soft tissue 80 kVp=10 mGy. Bone dose at same depth:A. 8 mGy | B. 13 mGy | C. 18 mGy | D. 25 mGy
C
40
Loss of conspicuity with increased kVp due to:A. decreased scatter | B. reduced photoelectric | C. increased focal spot | D. increased pair production
B
41
Definition of DRL for P-A chest:A. 50% institutions below DRL | B. 75% institutions below DRL | C. 90% institutions below DRL | D. legal upper limit
C
42
Multi-isotope SPECT but not PET possible because:A. different chemical properties | B. poor PET energy resolution | C. higher PET doses | D. low SPECT energy photons | E. same PET energy
B
43
OS-EM preferred to filtered back-projection because:A. improves contrast | B. computationally efficient | C. FBP converges noisily | D. easier | E. less noise same time
E
44
Instrument to measure radiopharmaceutical activity detector:A. scintillation | B. ionization | C. Geiger-Müeller | D. germanium | E. thermistor
C
45
Maximum solid angle for detector surrounding source (steradians):A. 0.5π | B. π | C. 2π | D. 4π | E. 99π
D
46
18F decay yields:A. 17F + β+ + ν | B. 19F + β+ + ν | C. 18O + β+ + ν | D. 17O + β+ + ν | E. 18Ar + β+ + ν
C
47
PET resolution correct statement:A. improves with gantry distance | B. improves with positron energy | C. improves with crystal size | D. improves with iterations
C
48
Does NOT influence SUV measurement:A. lesion size | B. scan time post-injection | C. reconstruction parameters | D. scanner resolution | E. injected activity
C
49
12.6 cm water reduces 131I intensity to (HVL=6.3 cm):A. 75% | B. 50% | C. 25% | D. 10% | E. 0%
C
50
Probability photon strikes 25 cm² detector at 10 cm distance:A. 0.20 | B. 0.10 | C. 0.050 | D. 0.020 | E. 0.0050
C
51
Cardiac radioisotope using primarily x-rays:A. 18F | B. 82Rb | C. 13N | D. 99mTc | E. 201Tl
E
52
Random events in PET from:A. scattered photon in patient | B. scattered photon in scanner | C. erroneously detected as coincidence | D. decays outside FOV
C
53
Hot FDG region superior to bladder artifact from:A. over-attenuation from Ba | B. patient motion | C. urine contamination | D. reconstruction filter | E. genuine tumor
A
54
Ratio 99mTc to 18F atoms same activity carrier-free:A. 1:1 | B. 2:1 | C. 3:1 | D. 5:1 | E. 10:1
C
55
18F positron yield 0.97. Remaining 3% decays fate:A. natural abundance | B. heat loss | C. electron capture | D. internal conversion | E. bremsstrahlung
C
56
Typical limiting blood dose radionuclide therapy:A. 5 cGy | B. 50 cGy | C. 200 cGy | D. 500 cGy | E. 1000 cGy
C
57
Surgeon inter-operative probe malfunction best action:A. move closer to patient | B. alcohol swab | C. test with check source | D. increase gain
C
58
200 mCi 131I to 30 mCi in 2.74 days. Effective half-life:A. 1 day | B. 2 days | C. 4 days | D. 6 days | E. 8 days
C
59
Body weight entered pounds instead kg in PET. SUV effect:A. zero | B. 2X higher | C. 2X lower | D. no effect
C
60
Lung lesion SUV? Patient 400 MBq, 100 kg, 40 kBq/cc:A. 4 | B. 8 | C. 10 | D. 12 | E. 16
C
61
3D tomosynthesis only AGD max cannot exceed:A. 150 mrad | B. 300 mrad | C. 450 mrad | D. 600 mrad
C
62
3D tomosynthesis + 2D FFDM AGD max cannot exceed:A. 150 mrad | B. 300 mrad | C. 450 mrad | D. 600 mrad
C
63
Lung cancer screening CTDIvol pass/fail <:A. 0.1 mGy | B. 0.3 mGy | C. 1.0 mGy | D. 3.0 mGy | E. 10 mGy
C
64
Lung cancer center: physician chest CT cases read:A. 200 | B. 300 | C. 400 | D. 500
C
65
Which increases image noise in fluoroscopy:A. continuous to 30 pps | B. 30 to 7.5 pps | C. 0.1 to 0.6 mm Cu | D. Mag 2 to FOV | E. I.I. closer
B
66
Physicians with mixed badge wear: higher EDEX exposure:A. Physician A | B. Physician B
B
67
Pulsed Doppler aliasing corrected by:A. amplitude mode | B. increase PRF | C. decrease FOV | D. increase matrix | E. decrease PRF
B
68
Interventional fluoroscopy: lower entrance dose:A. (a) | B. (b) | C. same
B
69
Interventional fluoroscopy: least scatter to operator:A. (a) | B. (b) | C. same
B
70
CT liver right image noisier. Parameter adjusted:A. more scatter | B. FOV increased | C. mAs increased | D. sharp filter | E. smooth filter
E
71
Spin echo TR/TE image contrast:A. T1 weighted | B. T2 weighted | C. proton density | D. T2* weighted
B
72
Signal processing schematic modality:A. CT | B. MRI | C. gamma camera | D. ultrasound | E. mammography
C
73
Figure illustration:A. chest CT | B. ventilation scan | C. US harmonic | D. MRI lung | E. MTF radiograph
C
74
Mammography chest wall to cathode due to:A. tube loading | B. anode heel effect | C. focal spot blur | D. receptor orientation
B
75
MRI cortical bone dark due to:A. mobile protons, long T2 | B. low mobility, short T2 | C. flow signal loss | D. diffusion
B
76
MRI spatial resolution FOV 240mm, matrix 256x256, ADC 0.5µs:A. 1.40 mm | B. 1.88 mm | C. 0.94 mm | D. 0.47 mm
D
77
Gadolinium contrast true statement:A. crosses BBB | B. increases T1 and T2 | C. deposits metallic Gd | D. causes NSF
D
78
BOLD effect FALSE statement:A. deoxyhemoglobin paramagnetic | B. Brownian motion water | C. few percent signal change | D. echo-planar rapid
B
79
ACR phantom MRI artifact true:A. reduced by thick slices | B. susceptibility | C. T1 | D. phase-encode | E. decreased TE
D
80
Cerebral blood flow perfusion map without contrast:A. FMRI | B. diffusion | C. arterial spin | D. MR spectroscopy
C
81
SPGR 1.5T image true:A. in-phase TE | B. in-phase 4.6ms | C. diffusion | D. flow
D
82
ACR MR safety personnel true:A. Level II own safety | B. Level II training | C. Level I Zone III/IV | D. Level II no training
B
83
DWI bright tumor, dark ADC:A. hypercellularity restricts | B. Gd T1 contrast | C. fat deposit | D. high diffusion
A
84
Phase contrast imaging true:A. flow and directional | B. diffusion | C. contrast concentration | D. T1 T2 mapping
A
85
Incorrect statement:A. frequent dividing radiosensitive | B. x-ray effectiveness increases fractionation | C. prodromal shorter higher dose | D. higher LET lower OER | E. neutron RBE energy dependent
B
86
NCRP max annual effective dose general public:A. 1 mSv | B. 5 mSv | C. 10 mSv | D. 25 mSv | E. 50 mSv
A
87
DNA changes NOT from radiation:A. sister chromatid | B. double-strand | C. multilocus | D. dimers | E. chromosome
D
88
1.0 mGy x-rays (wR=1), 1.2 mGy neutrons (wR=10). Effective dose:A. 2.2 mSv | B. 7.0 mSv | C. 13.0 mSv | D. 23.0 mSv | E. 33.0 mSv
C
89
RBE and OER radiation A at 10%:A. 1.5, 3 | B. 2, 3 | C. 2, 0.33 | D. 0.5, 0.33 | E. 0.46, 3
B
90
Best estimate doses years after whole-body exposure:A. rings | B. dicentrics | C. breaks | D. chromatid | E. translocations
E
91
Medical ultrasound frequency range:A. 1-100 Hz | B. 1-100 kHz | C. 1-10 MHz | D. 1-10 GHz
C
92
Sound frequency inversely proportional to:A. sound speed | B. energy | C. wavelength | D. amplitude
C
93
Sound travels fastest in:A. lung | B. bone | C. blood | D. fat
B
94
8 MHz liver imaging wavelength:A. 0.2 mm | B. 2.0 mm | C. 2.0 cm | D. 20 cm
A
95
Ultrasound beam through gallbladder constant:A. amplitude | B. frequency | C. wavelength | D. angle
B
96
Relative intensity order magnitude gain decibels:A. 1 | B. 10 | C. 100 | D. 1000
B
97
Multiple focal zones disadvantage decreased:A. lateral | B. temporal | C. axial | D. elevational
B
98
Ultrasound axial resolution minimum:A. one SPL | D. >half SPL
D
99
Object A ultrasound artifact:A. reverberation | B. shadowing | C. ring-down | D. mirroring
C
100
Object B artifact:A. partial | B. ring | C. comet | D. transmission
C
101
Heavy damping transducer:A. short SPL, low Q | B. long SPL, low Q | C. short SPL, high Q | D. long SPL, high Q
A
102
ACR optional ultrasound annual test:A. geometric | B. uniformity | C. spatial | D. display
D
103
Lateral resolution depends on:A. depth | B. frame rate | C. amplitude | D. SPL
D
104
Neonate chest x-ray wrong:A. kVp | B. electronic collimation | C. current | D. collimation
D
105
DR exposure index (EI):A. patient exposure | B. receptor exposure | C. organ dose | D. air kerma 15cm
B
106
Target exposure index EIT:A. patient exposure | B. ideal receptor | C. noise | D. background
B
107
X-ray absorption depends on:A. gender | B. age | C. weight | D. thickness composition
D
108
Largest average effective dose:A. AP abdomen | B. panoramic dental | C. dental CT | D. lateral skull
C
109
Iterative reconstruction, no technique changes: CTDIvol:A. increases | B. decreases | C. decreases then | D. unchanged
D
110
CTDIvol indicator:A. patient dose received | B. cancer risk | C. phantom dose | D. heat units
C
111
Same parameters CT abdomen: CTDIvol:A. larger small | B. same | C. higher large | D. independent
B
112
Same CTDIvol both patients: dose higher:A. smaller | B. larger image quality | C. smaller decrease | D. same
A
113
CT reconstruction affects:A. noise appearance | B. pixel noise | C. spatial resolution | D. noise texture resolution
D
114
Scout closer to tube: automatic exposure control:A. organs larger | B. dose increases | C. mAs reduced | D. noise increases
C
115
Fixed technique fetal dose:A. increase size | B. increase mAs decrease size | C. decrease size | D. independent
C
116
CT window width 800, center 500: white anatomy:A. water | B. soft | C. bone | D. liver
C
117
Right image noise reduction:A. kVp | B. mAs | C. thickness | D. rotation
C
118
Motion artifacts mammography decreased:A. compression | B. kV | C. focal spot | D. target filter
A
119
Scatter x-rays mammography dependent:A. kVp 25-30 | B. thickness | C. mAs | D. paddle
B
120
FFDM pixel size:A. 0.05-0.1 | B. 0.2-0.3 | C. 0.5-0.8 | D. 1-2
B
121
Rh/Rh target filter spectrum:A. A | B. B | C. C | D. D
B
122
Mo/Mo spectrum:A. A | B. B | C. C | D. D
C
123
Never mammography combination:A. Mo/Rh | B. Mo/Mo | C. W/Rh | D. Rh/Mo
D
124
Photon energy increased:A. contrast improves | B. dose increases | C. both decrease | D. motion
C
125
Breast adipose > 50%:A. dose increase | B. quality reduction | C. transmission | D. scatter
C
126
Fluoroscopic renal stent dose:A. II vs flat panel | B. fluoroscopy time | C. reference kerma | D. FDA DRL
B
127
Tissue reactions post-exam correct:A. MRI similar fluoroscopy | B. probability effective dose | C. severity effective dose | D. skull bone worse
C
128
Water diffusion MR contrast:A. Gd faster | B. high resolution | C. oblique | D. gradient dephase
D
129
Image X 512x256, Y 256x256 FALSE:A. Y lower resolution | B. X longer time | C. X higher SNR | D. Y higher SNR
D
130
Pixel depth for 0.1% contrast resolution:A. 2 | B. 4 | C. 6 | D. 8 | E. 10
D
131
Pure beta emitters best shielded with:A. plastic | B. lead | C. steel | D. titanium | E. zinc
A
132
NOT electromagnetic spectrum:A. gamma | B. x-rays | C. positrons | D. microwaves | E. light
C
133
14C beta 156 keV, antineutrino 90 keV. Beta energy:A. 0 keV | B. 52 keV | C. 66 keV | D. 90 keV | E. 156 keV
C
134
Bi-exponential liver activity semi-log plot:A. concave-up | B. single line | C. two lines | D. three lines | E. concave-down
C
135
153Sm Z=92 neutrons:A. 61 | B. 92 | C. 124 | D. 153 | E. 215
C
136
NOT isobaric transition:A. alpha | B. negatron | C. positron | D. electron capture | E. none
A
137
Positron decay daughter A/Z X->Y:A. A/Z+1 | B. A-1/Z-1 | C. A+1/Z+1 | D. A-1/Z+1 | E. A+1/Z-1
B
138
60 keV Auger 0.3 µm soft tissue LET:A. 18 | B. 60 | C. 120 | D. 200 | E. 300
C
139
Atomic K=21, L=14, M=9 K vacancy x-rays:A. 5 only | B. 7 only | C. 5,7 | D. 9,14 | E. 5,7,12
E
140
10^12 131I atoms (λ=1.0×10^-6/sec):A. 27 µCi | B. 131 µCi | C. 27 mCi | D. 131 mCi | E. none
C
141
Charged particle radiation:A. gudoken | B. Cerenkov | C. bremsstrahlung | D. characteristic | E. Bragg
C
142
364 keV 131I HVL=12 cm, 36 cm penetrates:A. 1/36 | B. 1/12 | C. 1/8 | D. 1/2 | E. 1/4
C
143
60Co 3 Gy half cells, 211At 0.3 Gy RBE:A. 0 | B. 1 | C. 10 | D. 30 | E. 300
C
144
X-ray tube energy to x-rays:A. 0% | B. 1% | C. 10% | D. 50% | E. 100%
B
145
X-ray spectra different:A. same | B. kV | C. target | D. kV and Z
D
146
100 kV, 70 kW max current:A. 700 A | B. 7 A | C. 70 A | D. 7000 mA
D
147
32P average 0.70 MeV max:A. 0.70 | B. 1.4 | C. 2.1 | D. 3.5 | E. 7.0
B
148
99Mo/99mTc generator TI:A. 0.02 | B. 0.2 | C. 2 | D. 20 | E. 200
C
149
131I Tp=8.04d, Tb=20d, Te:A. 0.20 | B. 5.73 | C. 8.04 | D. 20 | E. 28.04
B
150
123I photopeak 159 keV, 15% window:A. 119-199 | B. 127-191 | C. 135-183 | D. 143-175 | E. 147-171
E
151
PET 4 mm FWHM, partial volume >:A. 2 mm | B. 6 mm | C. 9 mm | D. 12 mm | E. 24 mm
D
152
18F decay constant (110 min):A. 0.067 | B. 0.190 | C. 0.272 | D. 0.380 | E. 0.567
D
153
Ideal ROC curve AUC:A. 0 | B. 0.5 | C. 1 | D. >1 | E. infinity
C
154
Fluoroscopy entrance rates:A. 0.5-5 mR/min | B. 5-50 mR/min | C. 50-500 mR/min | D. 500-5000 mR/min | E. >5000 mR/min
C
155
Flat-panel 20cm FOV 1024x1024 resolution:A. 1.3 | B. 1.95 | C. 2.6 | D. 3.25 | E. 3.9
C
156
Brightness gain: electronic 40, minification 80:A. 120 | B. 800 | C. 1200 | D. 2000 | E. 3200
E
157
Radon background dose high due to:A. Rn half-life | B. Po alpha LET RBE | C. inhalation | D. decay products
B
158
10 µCi tritium well counter:A. zero | B. overestimates | C. underestimates | D. accurate
C
159
1.5 ml 30 mCi 9am, 12pm same activity volume:A. 0.75 | B. 1.5 | C. 2.1 | D. 3.0 | E. 4.2
C
160
5x5 gamma camera flood IU:A. 2% | B. 4% | C. 6% | D. 8% | E. 10%
C
161
Mammogram dynamic range bits:A. 8 | B. 10 | C. 12 | D. 14 | E. 16
C
162
NOT CT dose metric:A. pitch | B. DLP | C. CTDIvol | D. CTDIW | E. mAs
A
163
Heel effect from:A. anode | B. cathode | C. filter | D. collimator
A
164
Rotating anode purpose:A. increase efficiency | B. focus beam | C. decrease heat | D. improve image
C
165
CT vs radiography tube:A. frequency | B. power | C. heat capacity | D. focal spot
C
166
20, 23 keV characteristics:A. molybdenum | B. rhodium | C. tungsten | D. silver
B
167
Modern x-ray voltage:A. 3-phase | B. rectified | C. inverter | D. high-frequency
E
168
Spectra different:A. kVp | B. current | C. time | D. kVp and Z
D
169
Maximum 100 kV, 70 kW generator:A. 400 mA | B. 700 mA | C. 1000 mA | D. 1400 mA
B
170
30 kVp lowest HVL:A. Mo/Mo | B. Mo/Rh | C. Rh/Rh | D. W/W
B
171
Magnification mammography 1.85x dose multiplier:A. 1.85 | B. 2.85 | C. 3.42 | D. 3.7
D
172
Digital vs screen-film mammography:A. lower dose | B. improved contrast | C. higher dose | D. faster
C
173
Tomosynthesis unable:A. 3D image | B. thickness analysis | C. CT like views | D. all angles
C
174
FFDM acceptance tests:A. FDA | B. ACR | C. MQSA | D. all
C
175
ACR CT phantom contrast differs by:A. matrix | B. noise | C. kernel | D. filter | E. reconstruction
E
176
CT artifacts from:A. metal | B. motion | C. streak | D. beam | E. fillings
E
177
Spectrum A to D using:A. kVp | B. mAs | C. filter | D. collimation
C
178
80 keV soft tissue probable:A. pair | B. Compton | C. photoelectric | D. coherent
B
179
Transient erythema dose:A. 0.5-2 | B. 2-5 | C. 5-10 | D. 10-15 Gy
B
180
Most radiosensitive:A. skin | B. endothelial | C. lymphoid | D. neural | E. fibroid
C
181
Increased cancer risk ALL except:A. chest x-ray | B. H-bomb | C. nuclear | D. medical
A
182
UNSCEAR children 25% cancers:A. all types | B. leukemia thyroid | C. solid only | D. rare
B
183
US annual medical radiation:A. 0.5 mSv | B. 1 mSv | C. 2 mSv | D. 3 mSv
B
184
Pregnancy mammography limit:A. 0.5 mSv | B. 5 mSv | C. 50 mSv | D. 500 mSv
B
185
CT dose limit patient:A. 10 mSv | B. 50 mSv | C. 100 mSv | D. not limited | E. 20 mSv
D
186
Dose image quality CT:A. kVp | B. mAs | C. pitch | D. filter | E. all
E
187
X-ray output proportional:A. kVp | B. kVp2 | C. mA | D. time
B
188
DLP to dose factor abdomen:A. 0.005 | B. 0.010 | C. 0.015 | D. 0.020
C
189
PET/CT shielding from:A. PET | B. CT scatter | C. both | D. design
B
190
Unrestricted area limit:A. 0.02 mSv/hr | B. 0.05 mSv/hr | C. 0.1 mSv/hr | D. 0.2 mSv/hr
A
191
I.I. far from patient:A. lower dose | B. higher dose | C. same | D. better image
B
192
Diagnostic suite occupancy T:A. 1/20 | B. 1/10 | C. 1/5 | D. 1
C
193
10 mCi 18F-FDG effective dose:A. 1 mSv | B. 3.5 mSv | C. 7 mSv | D. 14 mSv
C
194
Pregnant woman non-CT dose range:A. 0-10 mGy | B. 10-20 | C. 20-50 | D. 50-100
A
195
FGI recommendations all apply:A. equipment design | B. interlocks | C. record dose | D. review | E. all
E
196
Therapeutic release caregiver dose:A. 0.5 mSv | B. 5 mSv | C. 50 mSv | D. 500 mSv
B
197
Cataract absorption threshold:A. 1 mGy | B. 5 mGy | C. 10 mGy | D. 20 mGy
D
198
Largest US population exposure:A. medical | B. radon | C. nuclear | D. cosmic
B
199
Effective dose reflects:A. cancer risk | B. cancer + germ | C. exposure | D. dose
B
200
LD50 death cause 2 months:A. skin | B. GI | C. nervous | D. marrow
D
201
Brachytherapy isotope NOT reactor:A. 90Sr | B. 103Pd | C. 137Cs | D. 192Ir
D
202
Element one stable Z<80, N+1 decay:A. isomeric | B. fission | C. β+ | D. β-
D
203
228A α and β- decays, NOT daughter:A. 228W | B. 224X | C. 222Y | D. 220Z
A
204
Neutrino antineutrino production:A. α | B. β | C. isomeric | D. annihilation
B
205
Heavy nuclei stable:A. protons=neutrons | B. protons>neutrons | C. neutrons>protons | D. unrelated
C
206
Linac malfunction scattering foil missing: dose rateA. high <10% | B. high >50% | C. low <10% | D. low >50%
B
207
15 MV same rate 6 MV: electron currentA. higher 15 | B. higher 6 | C. same
B
208
15 MV x-ray same 15 MV electron: currentA. higher electron | B. lower electron | C. same
B
209
15 MV electron contamination from:A. foil | B. filter | C. applicator | D. patient
B
210
Tungsten K=69, L=12, M=2 keV, 60 keV:A. 69,60,9 | B. 69,12,2 | C. 60,12,2 | D. 10,2
C
211
Highest neutron contamination:A. 6 MV | B. 15 MV | C. 6 MeV | D. 15 MeV
D
212
Sharpest penumbra:A. jaws | B. MLC | C. lead block | D. same
C
213
Increased filtration:A. lower dose, greater HVL | B. higher dose, energy | C. lower dose, same HVL | D. same dose, lower HVL | E. same dose, greater HVL
E
214
Linac component order (beam):A. 5,3,4,1,2 | B. 3,1,2,5,4 | C. 3,1,5,4,2 | D. 4,3,1,5,2
C
215
x-ray to electron mode does NOT:A. target removed | B. foil added | C. chamber removed | D. applicator | E. current decreases
E
216
Filter optimal depth:A. dmax | B. 5 cm | C. 10 cm | D. 20 cm
C
217
0.5 mm 91% attenuation, 0.25 mm:A. 10% | B. 20% | C. 35% | D. 70% | E. 99%
D
218
10 MeV Compton 90°:A. 0.51 | B. 1.02 | C. 1.25 | D. 2.04
C
219
50 keV PE, electron 34 keV, x-ray 10 keV:A. 6 | B. 16 | C. 24 | D. 26
B
220
MV muscle attenuation:A. pair | B. coherent | C. photo | D. Compton | E. none
D
221
Fat, muscle, bone 6 MV dose:A. Fat, Muscle, Bone | B. Muscle, Fat, Bone | C. Bone, Muscle, Fat | D. Bone, Fat, Muscle
A
222
20 MV dose order:A. Fat, Muscle, Bone | B. Muscle, Fat, Bone | C. Bone, Muscle, Fat | D. Muscle, Bone, Fat | E. Muscle, Fat, Bone
E
223
10x10 vs 5x20 scatter:A. same | B. 10x10 higher | C. 5x20 higher | D. 5x20 much higher
B
224
Penumbra width depends on:A. collimator type | B. field size | C. depth | D. target-collimator
D
225
MLC leakage relative:A. <1% | B. 1-2% | C. 2-5% | D. 5-10%
B
226
NOT appropriate in vivo:A. TLD | B. OSL | C. film | D. Geiger
D
227
NOT neutron measurement:A. ionization multi | B. parallel | C. Bonner | D. GM
B
228
Baldwin 3cm phantom low reading:A. geometry | B. insufficient backscatter | C. false echo | D. buildup
B
229
Portal dosimetry NOT:A. image | B. dose | C. fluence
E
230
Radiochromic vs radiographic except:A. linearity | B. fade | C. lower dose | D. no development | E. stable
E
231
Chamber std T&P, used 25°C 780mm not corrected:A. too high | B. too low | C. no change
A
232
OSLD NOT true:A. reusable | B. heat releases | C. light only | D. direct read
B
233
Picket fence test QA:A. dose | B. flatness | C. symmetry | D. positioning
D
234
Plan quality NOT usually:A. target DVH | B. OAR dose | C. conformity | D. monitor units
D
235
CT Hounsfield density non-linear:A. bone | B. lung | C. muscle | D. fat
B
236
Dynamic wedge advantages except:A. faster delivery | B. no angle error | C. transmission independent | D. better dose
C
237
V20 lung DVH means:A. ≥20 Gy % | B. ≤20 Gy | C. 20 cm³ | D. 20% dose
A
238
DVH cannot determine:A. mean dose | B. max dose | C. DVH | D. hot-spot location
D
239
Head/neck quality:A. parotid mean, cord max | B. all OAR | C. target coverage | D. conformity
A
240
Shrinking tumor mid-course NOT:A. replanning | B. coverage change | C. dose change | D. MU decrease
D
241
Lung least accurate:A. pencil | B. Bragg | C. convolution | D. superposition
A
242
Patterson Parker 103Pd cannot because:A. low energy | B. energy mismatch | C. geometry | D. isotope
A
243
HDR transit dose decay:A. increases | B. constant | C. decreases | D. varies
C
244
HDR seed 200→160 GBq, 200 sec time:A. 150 | B. 200 | C. 240 | D. 300
C
245
Seed implant TRUS volume:A. sphere | B. cylinder | C. cone | D. ellipsoid
D
246
ACR QA multi-channel HDR:A. transit | B. positional | C. dose | D. all
D
247
125I lung 100 Gy, initial rate:A. 0.86 | B. 1.7 | C. 2.4 | D. 3.4
B
248
Hyperthermia energy:A. RF | B. US | C. laser | D. microwave | E. all
E
249
Hyperthermia temperature:A. 40°C | B. 42°C | C. 45°C | D. 50°C
C
250
Proton RBE assumed:A. 1.1 | B. 1.0 | C. 1.5 | D. 2.0
B
251
Proton inhomogeneous effect:A. larger | B. same | C. smaller | D. varies
A
252
Proton field production:A. scatter | B. ridge | C. scanning | D. all
D
253
Proton therapy energy:A. 30-250 | B. 50-200 | C. 100-150 | D. 50-400
A
FRCR ONCOLOGY
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Decks in class (3)
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