Reaction pathways

Question 1

alkene → alkane

Answer 1

Hydrogen
Nickel catalyst
Hydrogenation

Question 2

alkene → dihaloalkane

Answer 2

Electrophilic addition
Bromine, Chlorine

Question 3

alkene → polyalkene

Answer 3

Polymerisation
High pressure

Question 4

alkene → haloalkane

Answer 4

HBr/ HCl
electrophilic addition

Question 5

alkene → alcohol

Answer 5

Water
concentrated H₃PO₄

Question 6

alcohol → alkene

Answer 6

concentrated H₃PO₄
elimination

Question 7

haloalkane → alcohol

Answer 7

KOH / NaOH
Reflux
nucleophilic substitution

Question 8

alcohol → haloalkane

Answer 8

NaBr and H₂SO₄
Reflux
Substitution

Question 9

haloalkane → amine

Answer 9

Heat under pressure
Excess NH₃
Nucleophilic substitution

Question 10

haloalkane → nitrile

Answer 10

CN
Ethanol
Nucleophilic substution

Question 11

amine → secondary/ tertiary amine

Answer 11

Haloalkane
Nucleophilic Substitution

Question 12

amine → secondary amide

Answer 12

Acyl chloride
Nucleophilic addition/elimination

Question 13

alcohol → aldehyde

Answer 13

Acidified dichromate
Distil
Partial oxidation

Question 14

alcohol → carboxylic acid

Answer 14

Acidified dichromate
reflux
2[O]

Question 15

aldehyde → carboxylic acid

Answer 15

Acidified dicrhomate
Reflux
XS [O]

Question 16

aldehyde/ ketone → alcohol

Answer 16

NaBH₄
Reduction/ nucleophilic addition

Question 17

aldehyde/ ketone → hydroxynitrile

Answer 17

HCN
KCN
Nucleophilic addition

Question 18

carboxylic acid → ester

Answer 18

Esterification
Alcohol
H₂SO₄
Heated

Question 19

carboxylic acid → acyl chloride

Answer 19

SOCl₂

Question 20

acyl chloride → carboxylic acid

Answer 20

Water
Room temperature

Question 21

acyl chloride → ester

Answer 21

Alcohol
Room temperature

Question 22

acyl chloride → primary amide

Answer 22

NH₃
Room temperature

Question 23

acyl chloride → secondary amide

Answer 23

primary amine
room temp

Question 24

nitrile → carboxylic acid

Answer 24

Acid hydrolysis
Heat with HCl

Question 25

benzene → bromobenzene

Answer 25

Br₂ AlBr₃ electrophilic substitution

Question 26

benzene → nitrobenzene

Answer 26

concentrated HNO₃ H₂SO₄ electrophilic substitution

Question 27

benzene → chloroebenzene

Answer 27

AlCl₃ Cl₂ electrophilic substitution

Question 28

benzene → phenyl ethanone

Answer 28

Friedel-crafts acylation ethanoyl chloride AlCl₃ electrophilic substitution

Question 29

phenyl ethanone → phenylmethanol

Answer 29

NaBH₄ acid electrophilic substitution

Question 30

nitrobenzene → phenylamine

Answer 30

Sn + concentrated HCl excess NaOH electrophilic substitution

Question 31

phenylamine → tribromophenylamine

Answer 31

3Br₂ electrophilic substitution

Question 32

phenol → tribromophenol

Answer 32

3Br₂ electrophilic substitution room temperature electrophilic substitution

Question 33

phenol → sodium phenoxide

Answer 33

NaOH (aq) electrophilic substitution

Question 34

phenol → nitrophenol

Answer 34

dilute HNO₃ electrophilic substitution

Question 35

alcohol → ester

Answer 35

carboxylic acid + H₂SO₄ heat esterification

Question 36

Nitrile → Amine

Answer 36

LiAlH4 and hydrogen

Question 37

nitrile → carboxylic acid

Answer 37

dilute HCl reflux