Reading Basics (W4)

Question 1

What are the main components of reading? (4)

Answer 1

• Decoding
• Word Recognition (of isolated words, and text)
• Fluency (speed & intonation)
• Comprehension at word, phrase, sentence, and text levels

Question 2

What are the two parts of fluency?

Answer 2

Speed & intonation

Question 3

What does it mean to read? (2 parts)

Answer 3

• Word recognition

- Linguistic comprehension

Question 4

Three-stage model: spoken & written language comprehension

Answer 4

• Perceptual analysis (auditory or visual)
• Word recognition (phono rep & visual rep –> word meaning) - same path for both
• Discourse-level processing

Question 5

Stage 1 of written language comprehension - visual analysis (2 parts)

Answer 5

• Discriminate symbols

- Identify symbols

Question 6

Stage 2 of written language comprehension - Word recognition (3 parts)

Answer 6

• Going from “seen word” to “stored word”
• Accessing your stored knowledge about the word
• Two routes to word recognition (direct & indirect)

Question 7

Direct route to word recognition

Answer 7

• Sight words: visual representation goes straight to the meaning of the word
• visual pattern(s) formed by letter sequences automatically trigger a visual match in the mental lexicon

Question 8

Indirect route to word recognition

Answer 8

• Need to go through phonology first (sound it out) then go to the word meaning
• Visual info (letters & letter sequences) are transformed into their phonological equivalents, which then trigger a phonological match in the mental lexical

Question 9

Entry to lexicon for the direct route of word recognition is…

Answer 9

Orthography

Question 10

Entry to lexicon for the indirect route of word recognition is…

Answer 10

Phonology

Question 11

What skills do you need to accomplish word recognition through the indirect route?

Answer 11

Phonological awareness, phonological recognition, sound awareness, blending, etc.

Question 12

For each word, the mental lexicon contains… (3)

Answer 12

• A visual representation (orthographic spelling)
• Phonological representation (pronunciation)
• Definition

Question 13

Stage 3 of the 3 stage model of reading: sentence & text processing (3 parts)

Answer 13

• Syntactic analysis
• Propositional analysis
• Situational analysis (world knowledge)

Question 14

Sentence & text processing: syntactic analysis

Answer 14

Finding the grammatical constituents (parsing)

Question 15

Sentence & text processing: propositional analysis

Answer 15

Knowing who did what to whom

Question 16

Sentence & text processing: situational analysis (world knowledge)

Answer 16

Knowing who can do what to whom based on content and interpersonal knowledge

Question 17

What cognitive abilities underly both listening and reading comprehension? (3)

Answer 17

• Language abilities (syntactic, semantic, & pragmatic)
• World knowledge (situational analysis)
• Problem-solving skills (figuring out how to build a mental scheme of what you are listening to / reading)

Question 18

Reading fluency has three key elements…

Answer 18

• Accuracy
• Rate
• Prosody

Question 19

Higher order reading processes (5) are resource-intensive

Answer 19

• Sentence parsing
• Proposition encoding
• Inferring
• Interpreting
• Integrating

Question 20

Lower order reading processes (3) need to be efficient and automatic.

Answer 20

• letter recognition
• word recognition
• semantic encoding (accessing word’s contextual meaning)