According to Chomsky, what does school primarily teach us?
Obedience
Chomsky argues that the educational system emphasizes conformity rather than independent thinking.
What do the ‘smart guys’ in education represent according to Chomsky?
New ideas (smart thoughts) that everyone must believe
This reflects a critique of how knowledge is disseminated in educational settings.
What is a challenge faced by teachers according to Chomsky?
Few can challenge students to think and develop their own ideas
This highlights a limitation in the educational approach to fostering critical thinking.
In which subjects does Chomsky suggest that thinking new things is safer?
Physical sciences (like chemistry)
He contrasts this with history or philosophy, where new ideas may be more contentious.
What should teaching aim to do according to Chomsky?
Teach students to find the truth, not to persuade them to a viewpoint
This emphasizes the importance of independent inquiry in education.
What example does Chomsky use to illustrate effective teaching?
The algebra example
This example demonstrates how teaching should encourage exploration and understanding.
What was the focus of criminology until the 70s?
Maintaining order and law
This reflects a traditional approach to crime and justice.
What event helped change the focus of criminology according to the text?
Vietnam War
This event led to increased criticism of the criminal justice system.
What shift occurred in the 80s regarding crime policies?
Tough on crime policies
This included measures like 3 strikes and zero tolerance.
What was emphasized in the 2000s in criminology?
Evidence-based practices
This shift aimed to ground policies in scientific research and data.
What concern did Wellford (2009) and Tittle (2004) raise about criminology?
Criminology as a science should inform policy
They argued that theories and beliefs can be wrong, necessitating evidence-based practices.
When did the University of British Columbia first add criminology to its social science program?
1951
This predates the commonly recognized establishment of criminology programs in Canada.
What was the ideological backdrop of UBC’s criminology program?
Realizing that if prisons are failing, they can succeed
This reflects a focus on rehabilitation and community reintegration.
What are the four criteria citizens use to judge police behavior?
- Voice
- Fairness
- Trust
- Respect
These criteria highlight the importance of interpersonal interactions between police and citizens.
What has been found to be inappropriate and viewed as excessive use of force by officers?
Over-tightening of handcuffs
This practice can cause pain and injury, affecting perceptions of police behavior.
