Founder of REBT?
Ellis
What is epistemology?
- branch of philosophy that studies nature of knowledge
- rationality dictates that we consider all pertinent evidence before drawing conclusion
What is responsible hedonism?
create short-term & long-term goals that maximize pleasure principle (id)
What is humanism?
- appreciates individuality, creativity, & autonomy of a person
- dysfunction arises when one criticizes oneself & makes comparisons between self & others
What is the function (motivation) of the psyche?
Humans have the innate desire to survive, feel pleasure, & attain self-actualization
What are the two innate (biological) tendencies?
- overwhelming tendency to think & behave irrationally, self-criticize, & self-evaluate
- think rationally & be proactive in disputing irrational beliefs (question your own thinking)
Universal processing system: ABC Model
a= activating event
b=beliefs about event
c=emotional, behavioral, or cognitive consequence based on b
B largely determines what
C
D=
disputation
E=
new effect
The ______ is responsible for perceiving, interpreting, & believing in a uniquely person way.
individual
Be able to describe a healthy person:
rational, pragmatic, logical, reality based; flexible; willing to learn from mistakes; accepts responsibility of free will; own experience is highest authority
What makes an unhealthy person?
irrational; core maladjustment is seen to rest with the belief system; person continues to reindoctrinate self with irrational beliefs the person was taught to believe
Core irrational beliefs interfere with what?
goal achievement & satisfaction in & with life
What are the core irrational beliefs?
demands-about self, others, & the world
awfulizing-rigid & intense consequences
low frustration tolerance-demand life be less frustrating
depreciating-acts as if one mistake or short-coming is a legitimate assessment for overall functions
Not all negative ______ are irrational & not all positive _____ are rational.
emotions; emotions
How people change their feelings & actions?
by changing their BELIEFS & THINKING
What is the client’s role in therapy?
- be interactive & cooperative, motivated to learn REBT philosophy
- open to exploring belief system
- responsibilities
- definition of irrational: illogical, inconsistent with reality
What is the counselors role in therapy?
- Warmth is NOT necessary & even undesirable-may create too much dependence on therapist
- dispute & reject irrational emotions
- focus on the present; no lengthy histories
- moves quickly
- be aware of own irrational beliefs
Beginning stage of therapy?
- build rapport & teach REBT basics
- need good working relationship to make progress: setting parameters, set goals collaboratively, encourage discussion of issues
- counselor disputes
Middle stage of therapy?
- client utilizes ABC model to dispute irrational beliefs
- watch for CORE irrational beliefs bc they have more of a lasting impact
Techniques:
- cognitive-rational self statements (have client create list), become REBT teacher, semantic precision
- emotive: imagery (2days, 2 weeks, 2 yrs.), humor, shame-attacking (ex: phoebe running on friends)
- behavioral: hw, in vivo desensitization, & flooding
Ending stage of therapy?
resolution of presenting problems & client demonstrates ability to dispute irrational beliefs
What are the environmental influences?
parents, teachers, relatives, coaches, media, radio, TV, books, internet, socioeconomic status, politics, etc.
