Recommendations and guidelines

Question 1

Decision analysis

Answer 1

• formal structure to the process of decision making
• flow chart
• outcomes are on the right

Question 2

Decision chart

Answer 2

• squares on left are decision nodes
• circles on the right are chance nodes
• probabilities must be generated for each event from 0 (impossible) to 1 (absolutely certain)

Question 3

Practice guidelines

Answer 3

• usually generated by a panel of stakeholders
• cost and value are also used
• evidence is reviewed
• local adaptions may be needed

Question 4

Hierachy of evidence

Answer 4

-based on Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine levels of evidence

Question 5

I

Answer 5

evidence obtained from a systematic review of all relevant randomised control trials

Question 6

II

Answer 6

-evidence obtained from at least one properly designed RCT

Question 7

III-1

Answer 7

-evidence obtained from a well-designed pseudo-randomised controlled trial

Question 8

III-2

Answer 8

-evidence obtained from comparative studies with concurrent controls and allocation not randomised, cohort studies, case-control studies or interrupted time series with a control group

Question 9

III-3

Answer 9

-evidence obtained from comparative studies with historical control, two or more single arm studies or interrupted time series without a parallel control group

Question 10

IV

Answer 10

-evidence obtained from case-series

Question 11

V

Answer 11

-expert opinion without a critical appraisal