rectal prolapse

Question 1

define rectal prolapse?

Answer 1

the abnormal protrusion of the rectum through the anus

Question 2

what is the difference between internal and external prolapse?

Answer 2

internal prolapse: just the mucosal layer is prolapsed

external prolapse: the full thickness of the rectum is prolapsed

Question 3

what are the causes of rectal prolapse?

Answer 3

• Straining

* Abnormal rectal anatomy

Question 4

what are risk factors of rectal prolapse?

Answer 4

o Constipation
o Causes of increased straining
o Cystic fibrosis

Question 5

epidemiology of rectal prolapse?

Answer 5

COMMON

commonly affects children and the elderly

Question 6

presenting symptoms of rectal prolapse?

Answer 6

• Protruding anal mass
• Initially associated with defecation
• May require digital replacement
• Constipation
• Faecal incontinence
• PR mucus or bleeding
• May be an EMERGENCY - irreducible or strangulated prolapse

Question 7

signs of rectal prolapse on examination?

Answer 7

• Prolapse may be seen on straining
• May be ulcerated or necrotic
• Reduced anal sphincter tone

Question 8

what imaging might be carried out to inspect a rectal prolapse?

Answer 8

o Proctosigmoidoscopy

o Defecating proctogram or barium enema

Question 9

which test will check for CF in kids?

Answer 9

• Sweat Chloride Test