RED BOXES

Question 1

PRIMARY SURVEY

Answer 1

• PRIMARY SURVEY FOCUSES ON ESTABLISHING PATIENT’S CLINICAL STATUS
• ONLY APPLYING INTERVENTIONS ESSENTIAL TO MAINTAIN LIFE.
• IT SHOULD BE COMPLETED IN UNDER 1 MINUTE OF ARRIVAL ON SCENE

Question 2

MAXIMUM TIME ON SCENE FOR LIFE-THREATENING TRAUMA

Answer 2

EQUAL OR LESS THAN 10 MINUTES

Question 3

MARKERS IDENTIFYING ACUTELY UNWELL

Answer 3

CARDIAC CHEST PAIN
ACUTE PAIN >5

Question 4

MARKERS FOR MULTI-SYSTEM TRAUMA

Answer 4

SYSTOLIC BP <90
RESP RATE <10 0R >29
HEART RATE >120
AVPU = V/P/U
MECHANISM OF INJURY

Question 5

ADULT PRESENTING WITH FBAO
WHAT IS DONE AFTER EACH CYCLE OF CPR

Answer 5

OPEN MOUTH LOOK FOR OBJECT
IF VISIBLE, ATTEMPT TO REMOVE

Question 6

WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM HANDS OFF TIME FOR CPR

Answer 6

10 SECONDS

Question 7

WHAT IS DONE FOLLOWING SUCCESSFUL ADVANCED AIRWAY MANAGEMENT

Answer 7

• VENTILATE AT 8 TO 10 PER MINUTE
• UNSYNCHRONISED CHEST COMPRESSIONS CONTINUOUS AT 100-120 PER MINUTE

Question 8

FOR ABNORMAL WORK OF BREATHING

WHAT WOULD YOU CONSIDER FOR A RAISED ETCO2 + REDUCED SPO2

Answer 8

CONSIDER ASSITED VENTILATION

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2)

Question 9

FOR ABNORMAL WORK OF BREATHING

WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF THEY HAVE RAISED ETCO2 + NORMAL SPO2

Answer 9

ENCOURAGE DEEP BREATHS

Question 10

FOR EXACERBATED COPD

WHAT PERCENTAGE DO YOU COMMENCE OXYGEN THERAPY AT?

Answer 10

28% AND TITRATE TO 92%

Question 11

FOR EXACERBATION OF COPD

IF THERE IS NO IMPROVEMENT FROM SALBUTAMOL, WHAT INTERVALS CAN YOU ADMINISTER IT AT?

Answer 11

5 MINUTES

Question 12

:(

Answer 12

Perforated esophageal intervention focus

Question 13

IN ADULTS WITH ASTHMA

IF THERE ARE NO IMPROVEMENTS FROM SALBUTAMOL AEROSOL, HOW MANY TIMES CAN IT BE REPEATED

Answer 13

11 TIMES

Question 14

positive means good

WHAT DOES A POSITIVE ETCO2 READING INDICATED ABOUT AN AIRWAY?

Answer 14

PATENT OR PARTIAL PATENT AIRWAY

Question 15

WHAT IS A PATENT AIRWAY?

Answer 15

the ability of a person to breathe, with airflow passing to and from the respiratory system through the oral and nasal passages

Question 16

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF BRADYCARDIA?

Answer 16

• ACUTE ALTERED MENTAL STATUS
• ISCHEMIC CHEST DISCOMFORT
• ACUTE HEART FAILURE
• HYPOTENSION
• SIGNS OF SHOCK

Question 17

WHAT IS TRANSPORTED ALONGSIDE SOMEONE SUFFERING FROM DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS?

Answer 17

DIVE COMPUTER AND DIVE EQUIPMENT

Question 18

WHAT OXYGEN THERAPY IS ADMINISTERED TO A PATIENT IN SICKLE CELL CRISIS?

Answer 18

15L OXYGEN VIA NON-REBREATHER FACEMASK

Question 19

WHAT ARE CAUSES OF SEIZURES IN ADULTS?

Answer 19

• MENINGITIS
• HEAD INJURY
• HYPOGLYCAEMIA
• ECLAMPSIA
• FEVER
• POISONS

Question 20

FHFFP

Answer 20

FACE
HANDS
FEET
FLEXION POINTS
PERINIUM

Question 21

HARNESS INDUCED SUSPENSION TRAUMA

WHEN IS THE HARNESS REMOVED IF CIRCULATION IS COMPROMISED

Answer 21

WHEN PATIENT IS LOWERED TO GROUND

Question 22

HIGH RISK FACTORS FOR SPINAL INJURY

Answer 22

• MECHANISM OF INJURY
• FALL FROM HEIGHT >1M OR >5 STEPS
• AXIAL LOAD TO THE HEAD OR BASE OF THE SPINE EG. DIVING
• ALOC
• AGED 65+
• AGE 2 OR LESS

Question 23

SPINAL INJURY RULE IN CONSIDERATIONS

Answer 23

• ALOC
• IMMEDIATE ONSET SPINAL/BACK PAIN
• HAND OR FOOT WEAKNESS
• ABSENT/ALTERED SENSATION TO HANDS/FEET
• PRIAPISM
• HISTORY OF PAST SPINAL ISSUES
• UNABLE TO ROTATE NECK LEFT/RIGHT 45º

Question 24

SUBMERSION/IMMERSION INCIDENT

WHAT SHOULD THE PRACTITIONER GIVING VENTILATIONS CONSIDER?

Answer 24

NEEDING TO APPLY HIGHER PRESSURE FOR VENTILATION BECAUSE OF POOR COMPLIANCE RESULTING FROM PULMONARY OEDEMA

Question 24

HOW LONG IS THE PULSE CHECK FOR A HYPOTHERMIC PATIENT

Answer 24

30-45 SECONDS

Question 25

EVIDENCE FOR AT RISK CRITERIA FOR SEPSIS

Answer 25

- ANY ONE CLINICAL SIGN OF ACUTE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION - AT RISK OF NEUTROPENIA (BONE MARROW FAILURE/CHEMO/AUTOIMUNE DISORDER) - GREATER OR EQUAL TO 2 SIRS CRITERIA PLUS 1 OR MORE CO-MORBIDITY

Question 26

SIGNS OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME (SIRS)

Answer 26

-TEMP LESS THAN 36º OR MORE THAN 38.3º - HEART RATE 90+ - RESP RATE 20+ - ACUTELY CONFUSED - GLUCOSE OVER 7.7 (NON-DIABETIC) - PATIENT HAS 2 OR MORE SIGNS OF **SIRS**

Question 27

# NEW BORN/ NEONATAL CARE MR SOPA (PA NOT RELEVANT)

Answer 27

MASK ADJUSTMENT REPOSITION AIRWAY SUCTION MOUTH + NOSE OPEN MOUTH PRESSURE INCREASE ALTERNATIVE AIRWAY

Question 28

ESTIMATED WEIGHT OF A NEONATE

Answer 28

3.5KG

Question 29

ESTIMATED WEIGHT OF A 6MNTH OLD

Answer 29

6KG

Question 30

ESTIMATED WEIGHT 1-5YRS

Answer 30

(AGE X 2) + 8KG

Question 31

WHAT IS THE PAEDIATRIC ASSESSMENT TRIANGLE?

Answer 31

APPEARANCE WORK OF BREATHING CIRCULATION OF SKIN

Question 32

# PAEDIATRIC SIGNS OF CROUPE

Answer 32

- HYPOXIA - MARKED RESPITORY - STRIDOR - IRRITABILITY/LETHARGY - MARKED INCREASED RESP RATE

Question 33

# SHOCK FROM BLOOD LOSS SIGNS OF INADEQUATE PERFUSION

Answer 33

- INCREASED RESP RATE - TACHYCARDIA - DELAYED CAP REFILL - DIMINISHED/ABSENT PERIPHERAL PULSES - IRRITABILITY/CONFUSION/ALOC - COOL EXTREMITY/MOTTLING

Question 34

# SEPSIS - PAEDIATRIC SEPSIS RED FLAG ≥ 1 CHICA

Answer 34

- ALTERED MENTAL STATUS (P/U) - INAPROPRIATE TACHYCARDIA - LONG CAP REFIL - HYPOTENSION - CLINICAL DETERIORATION

Question 35

# SEPSIS - PAEDIATRIC SEPSIS AMBER FLAG ≥1 VAPPI

Answer 35

- INAPPROPRIATE TACHYPONEA - ALTERED FUNCTIONAL STATUS - PRACTITIONER CONCERN - PARENTAL CONCERN - VITAL SIGN DETERIORATION

Question 36

# SEPSIS - PAEDIATRIC RISK FACTORS

Answer 36

- IMMUNOCOMPROMISED - AGE ≤3 MNTHS - CHRONIC DISEASE - RECENT SURGERY - BREAK IN SKIN (EG. CHICKEN POX) - INDWELLING LINE/DEVICE - SIGNS OF INFECTION IN WOUND - INCOMPLETE VACCINATION RECORD

Question 37

# INFANT AED PAD PLACEMENT

Answer 37

FRONT AND BACK

Question 38

# PAEDIATRIC AED WHAT IS THE AGE FOR THE USE OF PAEDIATRIC DEFIB SYSTEMS

Answer 38

UNDER 8

Question 39

WHAT IS THE COMPRESSION/VENTILLATION RATE FOR A CHILD UNDER 12

Answer 39

15:2

Question 40

WHAT IS THE RATE OF COMPRESSIONS/VENTILLATIONS FOR SOMEONE OVER 12

Answer 40

30:2

Question 41

# VF/VT PAEDIATRIC POSSIBLE CAUSES

Answer 41

- HYPOTHERMIA - HYPOXIA - HYPOVALEMIA - TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX - TOXINS - TRAUMA - THROMBUS- CORNONARY - HYPER/HYPOKALAEMIA

Question 42

# ADULT BASIC LIFE SUPPORT RATE OF COMPRESSIONS

Answer 42

100-120/MIN

Question 43

# ADULT BASIC LIFE SUPPORT DEPTH OF COMPRESSIONS

Answer 43

5-6CM

Question 44

# ADULT WHAT IS THE VENTILLATION VOLUME

Answer 44

500-600ML

Question 45

WHEN IS A PULSE CHECK DONE DURING CPR

Answer 45

AFTER 2 MINS OF CPR IF POTENTIALLY PERFUSING RYTHM

Question 46

DEFINITIVE INDICATORS OF DEATH

Answer 46

- INCINERATION - RIGOR MORTIS - OBVIOUS POOLING (HYPOSTASIS) - INCINERATION - DECAPITATION - INJURYS INCOMPATIBLE WITH LIFE