Red Flags

Question 1

Plagiocephaly/Torticollis

Answer 1

Craniosynotmosis - premature fusing of the sutures, ear pulled back on affected side
Need to screen hips
If have abnormal reflexes, poor vision, poor general motor function

Question 2

When to screen hips?

Answer 2

All infants 
If have LLD 
If have scoliosis 
If have limp 
If have hypotonia or hypermobility 
If have disability which means restricted movement

Question 3

Musculoskeletal Red Flags

Answer 3

Limp 
- under 3yo 
- painful 
- out-toeing 
- if have LLD 
Refusal to walk 
Progressively worsening 
Sudden onset 
Post trauma 
If have hip ER with passive flexion
If have reduced ROM Abd and IR on affected side 
Diaphysis fracture 
Toe walking

Question 4

Inflammatory Red Flags

Answer 4

atypical injury for age and condition 
prolonged loss of function 
night pain 
fever
weight loss
visual deficits

Question 5

Spina Bifida

Answer 5

Cord tethering

• sudden change in function
• change to strength
• change to sensation

Shunt blockage - increased ICP

• mood changes
• headache
• nausea
• dizziness
• visual problems

Question 6

Respiratory Conditions - red flags

Answer 6

Onset of cough after choking 
Wheeze in chest 
Gurgling/noise/choking with feeding 
Failure to thrive 
Wet cough

Question 7

Cerebral Palsy - Respiratory RIsk Factors

Answer 7

GMFCS level 5
Oropharyngeal dysphagia 
frequent respiratory symptoms 
current seizures 
GORD 
Mealtime respiratory symptoms 
Excessive drooling 
Snoring every night
2 admissions into hospitral for respiratory condition in past year 
Frequent respiratory symptoms 
2 courses of antibiotics for respiratory conditiosn in past year